Brief Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brief Case analysis - Essay Example Switching cannot be done since Varsity team had an unblemished and recognized physical gain over Junior Varsity boat and could still beat the Junior Varsity team. An essential issue arises as Varsity boat is decelerating down because of employing individuals in the boats. A fundamental query worth noting is whether this was an obligatory undertaking and why it had to happen. No one was a leading light while several others were team disrupters. Rowing on the water as a team is yet another question that arises. What should the two teams do about it? Finally the last issue that arises is whether the army crew team can be likened to an organizational team. The answer is certainly no due to incapability to substitute hastily each of the team members. A good decision needs to be made by evaluating the situation at hand, assessing the different options available and coming up or deciding on a solution that will affect the long-term performance of both teams in a positive way. In regard to promoting junior team to a varsity team, one crucial question arises that needs to be addressed i.e. whether this will have an effect on the performance of the team as a whole and whether the all the junior varsity team members qualify to join the varsity team. Making a wrong decision can heavily impact negatively on the performance of the crew and as a result, special attention has to be given when deciding on this option. The junior team members cannot be promoted to Varsity team. Keeping the members in their original teams and trying to intervene to improve on the performance of both teams seems pleasant as it ensures that both teams add in serious effort towards attaining their key goals and objectives. When it comes to switching a small number of team members of each group, a significant question has to be taken into consideration before making the step i.e. which

Financial problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Financial problem - Assignment Example The mere affect of issuing share capital to general public would be fruitful as it solidifies the legal position of the Company by giving it the status of listed Company, if it chooses this option of finance. Furthermore, the dilution of control of the business would be shared as a result of share issuance to the general public who now become the owner of the Company. With respect to tax effects, the company would be more transparent as now it would directly come under the control of regulatory bodies of the country. However, as a listed Company, now the tax effects would be more on the Company’s part Another option available to meet the Company’s financial needs for business expansions is to acquire a long term loans from any banking or financial institutional channels. As, the company credit standing and financial position is quite strong enough to acknowledge the timely repayment of the loan principal and interest cost, thus, SMT could easily negotiate a loan and its terms from any well reputed financial institutions or banking channels. The legal status of the Company would not be affected as such due to such long term loans as these loans are meant to repay in the upcoming times. Moreover, the dilution of control would not be affected on account of these long term loan because of the same reason and lastly, the tax effects would be reduced on the part of Company as usually the tax authorities allows the interest cost as admissible expense in the tax income calculation. This option might result in huge cash inflows to C and C hydraulic, if considered to take into action. However, the disposal of any of its non profitable or loss incurring business assets would inject some of the cash flows towards the Company, which then strategically utilized to meet business expansion and growth requirements of the Company in an effective and efficient manner. There would be no possible implications on legal status and dilution of

Skins as a Form of Branding Opportunity

Skins as a Form of Branding Opportunity EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study makes an attempt to understand the business of ‘skins and the various ways it can be made a part of Ambient Media to offer more branding opportunities to advertisers. This involves various forms of skins, its multiple applications, and the ways in which it can provide branding opportunities. Skins are the 2nd generation products that can be applied to any external surface and are printed and used for personalizing or branding devices or surfaces. The concept of skinning was introduced in the US 5 years ago. Since then the product has found its way in Europe and South East Asia. The business of skins is at a very nascent stage in India. The scope of this dissertation is to analyze the use of ‘skins, where every surface is brought to surface quite literally, as a medium to interest and engage consumers. With ‘skins, no space is left mundane and dull as long as there is an opportunity to style it and brand it. The research undertaken for this purpose was exploratory in nature. It was broadly executed in 2 Phases. The first phase was the stage of Secondary Data analysis wherein extensive review of existing companies and practices in the domain of skins was conducted. This is to investigate various business models around skins. The first phase also included Primary Research by interviewing consumers through a qualitative, depth interviews. This facilitated a grasp on what the consumers think about brands and their innovations in branding. It is primarily to check how different mediums affect them, and what affects them the most. Phase 2 of the Research Design involved in-depth qualitative interviews of 5 Brand Managers and 5 Industry Professionals (mix of Media | Advertising | Retail | Industry Veterans). The Phase 1 Primary Research results will be used to provide better insight into the interaction with B2B respondents. These interviews were helpful in getting insights to substantiate the secondary research and the consumer surveys. Once the data had been collected, it was analyzed to facilitate opportunities and make generalizations. The factors that companies would take into consideration were Licensing of brands, Personalization through Brand Designs and various Manufacturing processes that enable production of high-quality skins. Also, new technological innovations that can aid skins to be developed as more functional and engaging for the customers were necessary. Based on the findings, certain models were identified and conclusions were drawn. With the media industry growing, new forms of media are sought after regularly. This study enables one such potential form of Ambient Media to make its way into the advertising plan of Brand Managers. Although a lot of international companies have made their contributions to the medium of skins, its time India opened up to this phenomenon. INTRODUCTION The need to be different, which stems from the need to be noticed leads to multiple changes in the environment. Some of these changes are fads, the others determine the future. Seen from a brand managers perspective, some of these basic human desires can lead to a plethora of opportunities for them. One of these opportunities is discussed below. It deals with the domain of modified aesthetics. As more and more portable gadgets and other forms of electronic and technological means are consumed by us every moment, their usefulness continues to expand. But just carrying the latest gadget which looks like everyone elses version of that latest gadget is not enough anymore. So why not personalise it. Better still why not use the investment as a branding opportunity. Not only gadgets, there are innumerable surfaces available today that are waiting to be utilised. Advertisers have the opportunity to brand all surfaces through skins. These surfaces can be identified as: Wall skins: walls, cupboards, mirrors, drawers, doors, etc Fleet skins: cars, cabs, biked, aircrafts, trams, buses, trains, etc. Devices skins: laptops, mobiles, music players, all appliances, etc. The idea of making electronics or any other product more personal is that the real world can also start acting more like the online world. Similar to how one can change their online profile anytime they want, so can they have their most loved brands or their favourite images on their phone or car! These products known as ‘skins, not only make your common device look stylised, but also protect it. These skins that can be pasted on any exterior surface are soon becoming extremely popular within a very short period of time. They are a dream come true in the ‘customization arena. This application has created waves worldwide and is now revolutionising the way mundane products are being presented to the world. Apart from this key use, there is the Branding Opportunity that ‘skins bring along. While personalisation is fast becoming popular, it is not the key issue here. What the scope of this dissertation is to analyse this innovation as a new format for Brand Managers. It will not only open up new branding prospects, but also be included in the fast and upcoming category of Ambient Media. Ambient Media is the name given to a new breed of out-of-home products and services determined by some as Non-Traditional or Alternative Media. Ambient media advertising is a way of overcoming traditional method of advertising to get the attention of the consumers. Ambient media in a larger scale define the media environment and the communication of information in ubiquitous and pervasive environments. The reasons why Ambient Media has grown are: Decline in the power of traditional media Greater demand for point-of-sale communication Ability to offer precise audience targeting General versatility While some see it is a fiendish way of getting an ad message into every nook and corner of our lives and on to anything that moved, yet it was the sector that was growing outrageously through the 90s. It was argued that ambient alone never made any brand famous, and marketers would soon get tired of this faddish and whimsical medium. However, such judgements were not possible as ad revenues were unstable and fast changing. Also, as media proliferation made it harder to get attention, advertisers look for other ways to place their brands before people. This can be via all sorts of locations and methods and often close to the point of sale. This is where ‘skins can come in and enable brand managers to make their brands be seen. As it is put over everyday use products, the opportunities will be numerous. In todays day, when one travels, it can be seen that all around, commuters work and play away on laptops, PDAs, iPods, mobiles, blackberries, sometimes all at once. Mobiles and pervasive media have truly reshaped the practices of travel. This provides tremendous potential for a business like Skins to enter the market. Apart from public spaces to use ambient medium, individuals personal surfaces can also be used as a fresh medium of branding. Laptops, iPods, Mobiles, etc. all are new opportunities in the ambient media world which can be used for branding through skins. While it is true that Media images change the way we see and experience a city, why not make it aesthetic and meaningful. Until now, out-of-home activities that engage the consumer like hot air balloons with slogans, digital out-of-home, and life size mascots for brands, etc. are considered the norm for Ambient Media. However, formats go out of fashion very soon, and newer ways to brand and reach consumers are sought by marketers. In earlier times, brand positioning and promotions through mass media did the trick for marketers. Customers flocked to buy the brand that was advertised and thats how many successful brands were created. However, increasing media clutter and reducing customer attention spans have resulted in decreasing effectiveness of traditional practices. Therefore modern brand managers have started using techniques like Brand Inclusiveness and Brand Engagement to conquer customer hearts. Brand Inclusiveness: The brand can become a part of the customers lives through a planned presence. For example: a mobile phone or a laptop is personal belonging of a customer that is highly significant in todays world. What better way of brand inclusiveness than to Brand these gadgets itself. Skins as a medium can be used by companies to as a branding opportunity by sending the loyal customers a skin each for these gadgets. These skins can be customised as per the customers gadget model and can then be used as both a branding and well as a style statement. The loyal group of customers would be proud to sport their favourite brands skins on their phones or laptops. This is a high level of brand inclusiveness for companies, where they can manage to convince their loyal customers themselves to become their brand champions, and hence, brand managers. Brand Presence: Customers live busy lives and the brand needs to touch their lives in relevant ways. This requires the brand to be present at places frequented by customers. This can be done through a number of ways: Skinning cabs in urban cities with the branding of various products of services that are targeted to the cab-using population of the society Skinning Public Buses with the branding of various products and services that are targeted to the us-using population of the society Skinning tables at coffee shops with brands that compliment a coffee or such an environment Skinning conveyor belts at airports Skinning Elevators at public spaces like Corporate Offices, Government Buildings, Residential Societies, etc. Skinning PCO booths, etc. Brand Engagement: Brands have realised the importance of the interactive approach t engage customers. This can be done through various co-creation ideas. So while, interaction can exist individually, a mix of skins (visual) and interaction can do wonders for a lot of brands. While skinning the vehicles or other such ambient forms can be a standalone practice, brand engagement would take this idea further. For example- If the cabs are skinned by a Credit Card brand, then the cab driver can offer pamphlets of the passengers. If the cab is skinned by a Chips brand, then free trials can be offered in the cab to the passengers (in case of a new product). Also, the passengers of a skinned cab can send an SMS to receive further information about the brand, to receive a catalogue, free trial, etc. A lot of ways to engage the customer are possible after the initial visual of the brand through Skins. Concern for Customers: Customers want their favourite brand to show concern for them. In this regard, there is a special kind of Skin called ‘Gripper. A gripper has two parts. The small skin sticks to the back of the mobile phone, while the big skin sticks on any surface which has an angle. Mobile Phone brands or Telecom providers can use this product with a social message. The gripper helps hold the phone to the surface on the bigger skin. This will help highlight the use of mobile phones while driving, as the driver can stick the phone on the angled surface which provides holding the phone while driving. The phone often slips from the cars dashboard, which now will be held in place by the gripper and enable the driver to take some calls on loudspeaker. Also, Wall Skins can be used at key public places by brands in order to give out social service messages to the public at large. These wall skins can come in all sizes and will create large scale awareness if put at strategic places. Hence, the inclusive brand image focuses on touching customer lives in a relevant manner. The brand needs to engage customers and the use of interactive media comes handy for this initiative. Hence a brand can conquer the hearts of consumers by showing concern and being available at all times, all places. The scope of this dissertation is to analyse the use of ‘skins, where every surface is brought to surface quite literally, as a medium to interest and engage consumers. With ‘skins, no space is left mundane and dull as long as there is an opportunity to style it and brand it. As we see that Media is evolving from Digital to Pervasive to Interactive, every brand needs to speak to the consumer at different touch points, so as to keep the consumer engaged, yet not be disliked. One example of ‘skins in the form of Auto wraps that is seen in the recent times in India is the branding on Cabs and other vehicles. For example: Meru cabs run campaigns of different brands for different periods of time. Here the Brand Alliance between Meru and the advertising brand leads to recognition in the marketplace. Clever messages can be put up for different target markets, giving brand managers an innovative medium to engage the consumer. It generated street level advertising. What are skins? Skins are the 2nd generation products that can be applied to any external surface and are printed and used for personalising or branding devices or surfaces. The concept of skinning was introduced in the US 5 years ago. Since then the product has found its way in Europe and South East Asia. Following are the basic features of skins: Currently, the Skins are made up of vinyl that is digitally printed and post printing it is cut either as per general dimensions or cut as per the device. However, this manufacturing process can change a per technology used or requirements Skins are available for mobiles, laptops, portable music players, gaming devices, cars, and any other external surface Skins are available in general sizes and custom made, where the skins are per-cut based on the device However, the concept of skins is fast changing as per various different manufacturing processes used. There are new hard cover skins also introduced in the market A combination of fixed designs and the option of personalised designs is made available The complete product range will be: Skins made up of Vinyl Skins made up of different textures such as Leather, Canvas, Jute, etc. Skins made up of Gel Grippers used to hold a certain product kept on a surface at an angle Wall skins Hard Cover skins Electro-statically charged skins More and more technological innovations are leading to different types of skins being launched. However, all of these can be used as an Ambient Medium by companies for Branding. The major manufacturers of vinyl skins are: 3M, Avery, Kodak, Mactech. However, there are other numerous vinyl manufacturers present in the market. More and more technological innovations are leading to different types of skins being launched. However, all of these can be used as an Ambient Medium by companies for Branding. Cell phones, laptops, MP3 players, iPods, Blackberries all these personal electronic devices have changed the way we go about our everyday lives dramatically. Millions of people around the globe have embraced these changes and are sure of staying at the receiving end of cutting edge technology. Because technology inspires passion, people who are passionate about their gadgets are more often than not passionate about other areas of their lives such as music, sports, movies, art, fashion, etc. Skins result from this passion. People get a chance to express themselves and personalise their electronics which helps them reflect their favourite interests. School children can skin their laptops to display their school colors or logo, cell phones can be skinned with their favourite design, Music Players can be skinned with their favourite artist, etc. The opportunities are tremendous. A large variety of skins are available for a wide range of electronic devices and new technology. They can be either individually designed or branded. Branded skins are a new way of companies to reach out to the customers. Brands such as Disney, NFL, Star Wars, Superman, etc. can be bought through licenses and sold to interested customers through multiple sales nodes. Some articles have been reviewed to understand the Ambient Media market, gauge trends in the same, and determine need gaps for a product like ‘skins. â€Å"India will overtake China next year to become the fastest growing advertising nation†, Jones, S. (2009) LITERATURE REVIEW Skin Care: The Sensual Surfaces of Objects â€Å"Aesthetic modification of product form is common practice in industrial design. Designers are trained to create beautiful products, which not only provide an aesthetic experience to users, but also lead to enhanced profitability†, Boradkar, P. (2004). In fact, the desire to increase sales in a market that was flooded with too many goods is what led to the practice of industrial design. This practice of alteration of the basic form of a product is often referred to at the ‘stigma of styling by industrialists and designers. However, according to this article, these changes undertaken by the designers are limited to the external surface of the object. The term used here for external surfaces or shells of objects is ‘skins. These skins can have multiple meanings that are created by the designer, user, critic, etc. Virginia Postrel, in her book The Substance of Style, has argued that aesthetics has become a significant and an omnipresent component of everyday life in the US. She has gone on to say that it is clearly visible that we are increasingly becoming fond of beautiful surfaces in case of objects, environments, interiors, and our own bodies. There are multiple proofs to this theory of dependence on aesthetics the popular profession of image-making, the makeover shows on television, innovations for the perfect product, the perfect look, etc. Style has seeped into our lives. This according to her is skin care. Human Skin It provides sensation and protection from the external environment. It is constantly in a process of change and regenerates itself on a regular basis. Object Skin The five major categories that signify the primary functions of object skins are: Protective Skins, Informational Skins, Sensorial Skins, Technological/Intelligent Skins, and Mythical/Fetishist Skins. My topic of study here is the ‘Sensorial Skin which includes Visual Skins. These skins arouse admiration, fear, curiosity, contempt, etc. Social meanings of these graphics and designs can be traced back to the context, object, user, etc. Hence, the article concludes that the process of styling or creating new skins is often practised in design consultancies and corporations, where the products only change appearance without any added utility or other value. Creative operations are performed on the skin to stimulate desire, but these are often justified as attempts to satisfy a wider range of user needs. This is said to be the role of commodity aesthetics to the ‘sexing-up of the object. As ‘skins is the prime area of study, this article gave insights on the concept of a skin. Now, we move on to the next few articles on what is happening in the Media World and where it is headed, to understand the broader aspect of the use of ‘skins. The Future is Ambient â€Å"Ambient Intelligence deals with the embedment of media in the natural environment on people†, Lugmayr, A. (2006). Embedding media into peoples environment indicates the need for the creation of a new form of media. The article explains ambient media to create a mix of real-world objects in the natural environment of the consumer and also digital objects which are of any arbitrary form. The key feature of ambient is distribution rather than storage. There are 5 principles of ambient media mentioned: Ambience media object is a service oriented asset space Intelligence smart technology for content aggregation Distribution distributed across a wide area of networks Self-organisation aggregated either automatically or collaboratively Pervasiveness accessible anytime, anyhow. Anywhere The conclusion here is that: Ambient media is the future of multimedia which allows natural interaction and easy access to content anytime, anywhere, and anyhow. How Ambient Media Ambient Marketing is now making its way into the brand managers mind and fast becoming the new marketing communication discipline. Companies are looking at more and more ways to connect with the consumers, not only in private spaces, but also out-of-home. The article says that this sort of marketing can be called anything, but the challenge lies in taking it to the street level. Greg Aithurton, Nintendos marketing manager says ambient exists in non-traditional media formats without direct interaction, whereas experiential goes a step further and actually interacts with the consumer engaging them directly. â€Å"Just slapping your logo on a pavement and hoping people will think you are cool wont do very much. But if you can touch someone in a clever and relevant way, it can be really effective.† The article says that ambient is not only about advertising in an unexpected environment, but the environment has to be relevant to what you are doing, and the unexpected has to fit well with the brand. Another issue mentioned is that such marketing is good only for a couple of months, then it becomes passà © and the consumers become aware of it, hence it blends into the mix. The end note here is that ambient, experiential, or any of these sorts of marketing is not about measurement. Its more about who you target. Its not necessarily in a position to need to be measured. Brands are accepting of ambients limitations, along with its unique capabilities. The key selling point is that an ambient campaign can deliver what many other mediums cannot a closer touch point to consumers. Ambient Media How the World is Changing Over the years, the competitive environment has multiplied and technology is on fast rise. However, only the media arena has changed, while communication planning remains the same. We are in a world of outstanding media possibilities, where non-traditional marketing has kicked in, and brands do not fail to surprise/shock us with their expert forms of presenting the message. From using light-reactive inks, lenticular prints, 3D holographic images to Bluetooth and infrared technology, and PR stunts, ambient media has not failed to make itself noticed. Whether this is a Gimmick or a Strategy is discussed widely amongst media owners, as they get more and more clients and agencies that not only want gimmicks to work in their favour, but are also desperate to produce substantial campaigns that create long-term appeal. An analysis of approximately 4500 case studies from 1997 to 2007 including ambient media show, that very few brands had a strategic approach while majority of cases are one-offs and some look like festive scams. Whether these new formats are called ambient media, non-traditional media, branded utility, or experiential media, the effort should be part of a strategy that is based on a right idea. However, this ambient media should be part of the future communications strategy in order to make sure that these challenging efforts adapt to current trends and in turn to peoples lifestyles. Otherwise, any violation from the trend will lead to the advertisers worst nightmare ignorance! Reaching the right Consumer Over the past decade, ambient advertising has become ubiquitous. Brands are seen jumping at the chance to experiment with novel media as fresh ways of promoting their messages to specific groups in appropriate environment. As wrap around ads on Taxis and posters inside changing rooms are delivering on marketers goals, the common principle is that brands have less money to work with, so it is vital that money works harder. The article mentions three important routes to success for an ambient medium: Timing is vital. This means reaching someone just before they are about to do something else The mindset of the consumer when they receive the message. This means that brand message placement is crucial Lastly, it is important to match the environment with the brand message Brands that advertise on niche media should be able to surprise, excite, and engage. Hence, advertisers should be wary of reaching the saturation point and thus losing effectiveness. Centre of Attention This is a time when TV audiences are fragmenting and new technologies are being launched, which enables us to avoid traditional advertisements, there is Ambient that can deliver captive audiences. Just when the consumers are poised to make a purchase, ambient cites its flexibility and capacity to be highly targeted, and delivers. Apart from that, there is little evidence to show that ambient media irritates consumers. According to this article, some of the most successful examples of ambient activity are seen in trains, stations, step and escalator advertising, train wraps, tickets, etc. In supermarkets, there is trolley and basket advertising, floor ads, etc., all of which can influence shoppers at point of purchase. While todays ambient sector includes products such as mirror stickers, ATM receipts, carrier bags, etc., there is also an opportunity to market brands on tabletops at restaurants, bars, etc. The strength of the medium is that it converts a static message into an interactive one. Hence the need to develop newer formats every year, as marketers want the novelty for their brand, and not be the second or third to use an idea. KNOWLEDGE GAP The literature reviewed here analyses in detail the different ways, in which Media is evolving, the growth of Ambient Media and varied practices. There are studies on the growth of Ambient Media in different countries, its acceptance by Brand Managers, and the successes of certain brands. However, what is not mentioned is how to make this ambient medium more consumer friendly by way of interactivity. My area of study being skins, the gap I wish to fill in with the help of this dissertation is how would a product like skins fit in the â€Å"Ambient† domain, and what are the possible ways of making this product more functional and more interactive for the consumer as well as the brand. RESEARCH PROBLEM To understand how Skins as an Ambient Media can be made more interactive and functional for brands and customers RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To study how far ‘skins will be considered as a branding tool by brand managers To find ways to convert ‘skins into an engaging and interactive medium for advertisers To analyse the trends of Ambient Media and if ‘skins as a format can be included within its ambit RESEARCH DESIGN My study is primarily for the B2B customers. The customer base is divided into: * Brand Managers who will use ‘skins as a branding tool * Agencies o Media Agencies They will sell ‘skins as a new Ambient Media format o Advertising Agencies They will buy ‘skins as a new Ambient Media format for their clients To do the above study, the following methodology is chosen: Phase 1 1. Secondary Research The research will be primarily focused on investigating the various business models around â€Å"skins†. This will give me a better understanding of the following: a. Different applications of â€Å"Skins† b. Different manufacturing process c. Various features of the product 2. Primary Research It will be qualitative in nature, using depth interviews. This is to get a grasp on what the consumers think about brands and their innovations in branding. It is primarily to check how different mediums affect them, and what affects them the most. 10 men and women in the age group of 16-30 10 men and women in the age group of 30-60 Phase 2 1. Primary Research This involves in-depth qualitative interviews. The Phase 1 Primary Research results will be used to provide better insight into the interaction with B2B respondents. 5 Brand Managers 5 Industry Professionals (Mix of Media | Advertising | Retail | Industry veterans) Discussion Guide for Consumers Objective: To understand what consumers perceive of branding and how different medium affects them Lifestyle and Pattern Where do you live? What do you do? What is your typical day like? What personal gadgets do you own? Brands Which are your 3 favourite brands? Why do you like them? Do you buy them yourself? Would you endorse these brands to others? Communication Do you like seeing advertisements? Do you pay attention to a new form of advertising? What medium affects your purchase of a brand the most? Do too much media and too much branding bother you? Skins Have you heard of Skins? What are the different kinds of skins that you know of? Would you notice branding through Skins, like, car skins, walls skins, laptop skins, etc? Would you purchase a skin yourself? Would you use a skin branded by your favourite brand? DATA ANALYSIS/RESULTS Phase 1 (a) Secondary Research Current International Practices in the domain of Skins AMBER MEDIA GMBH[1] This is a Germany based agency that specialises in innovative ambient concepts. It was founded in 2002, and has since then established itself in the out-of-home segment. Amber Stix enables the advertising slogan to be placed directly in the desired target groups immediate environment. It provides a surprise effect without disturbing the target. It offers a wide range of innovative possibilities and reaches whoever one wishes to reach with their advertising slogan. It ensures that the brand stands out from the crowd by trying out an innovative and an unusual approach. Its product Amber STIX Amber STIX are adhesive skins that have an extra strong electrostatic charge. These Stix adhere due to their static charge alone. Hence they are different from the conventional adhesive skins. They dont have to be pressed to the surface. They can remain in place for more than 6 months and can be recharged when needed. AMBERMEDIA_amberSTIX_4 amber 3 Aldo Branding in front of the store Blood Diamond outdoor branding Some of the features are: Adhere to most surfaces No residue left Bubble free Can be repositioned Removed and attached several times Can be recharged with Amber STIX charger Can be perforated 100% recyclable SKINIT[2] Skinit, Inc. provides a large product line of branded vinyl skins for personal electronic devices. It is based out of San Diego, California. Skinit branded products can be offered by OEMs, global retailers, distributors, Internet portals, online shopping sites, etc. It is made with premium 3M material. Skinit is the global leader in business-to-consumer and business-to-business personalisation technology platforms and on-demand manufacturing for corporate clients. Skinit has hundreds of designs, famous brand names in sports, entertainment, art,

Graduation Speech: Praise be to God -- Graduation Speech, Commencement

First of all, I would like to thank God for giving me this opportunity to speak tonight. Had it not been for God, I wouldn't be here right now because He is the One who's given me the strength and courage to press on both academically and spiritually through my high school years, especially in times of discouragement. I am a international student. I came to the U.S. about five years ago. Studying in a second language and being away from parents many times have been really overwhelming for me, sometimes even to the point where I just wanted to quit and go back. But, through such times of discouragement and loneliness, God assured me that He is always with me, and also that through him I can do all things. During my five years at the Academy, God has taught me tremendous lessons throug...

Republic Act No. 9293

Section 15. Qualification requirement of applicants.Number of units in professional education required of non-education graduates. At least eighteen (18) units in professional educationSection 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:Section 26. Registration and Exception.No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit. Who can be issued a license without examination?A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or (b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presid ential Decree No. 1006.What is required of teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past 5 years? Take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of a least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of context courses or the equivalent training and number of hours .What is the required rating for para-teachers? Not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating. (The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher)Other tha para-teacher, who else are entitled to a special permit? A person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely  acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization.

Barrack Obama Inaugural Speech Analysis Essay

Barrack Obama’s inaugural speech was in many ways similar to his predecessors, cleverly written, thoroughly rehearsed and immaculately delivered. However in many ways it was different, different in the colour of Presidents skin, different in the time the oath was taken â€Å"amidst gathering clouds and raging storms†, different in the state of Americas economy. America wanted change and barrack Obama was that change. His inaugural speech was the first time he didn’t need to win votes or fight his campaign, instead he needed to earn the respect of his people, and he did it masterfully. Obamas main aim at the start of the speech is to make a connection with the audience and gain their support. He does this by moving from singular â€Å"I stand here today† to the plural â€Å"We the people† which engages the audience to make them feel involved and significant with the use of personal pronouns. The following sentences continue towards this goal with the use of anaphora â€Å"they are† â€Å"they are† â€Å"they will be† â€Å"they will not be† he does this to instil the audiences confidence in Obama and show that he is in control of the situation by repeating the authoritative phrases. This also incorporates antithetic parallelism â€Å"they will not be† â€Å"they will be† this is used to give the impression Obama is overcoming a problem by first using the negative not implying an issue and then the positive â€Å"will be† showing it is overcome, furthering the audiences assurance in Obama. Addressing the audience as a nation is used to rouse feelings of loyalty and patriotism extending Obamas connection with the audience by establishing the common feeling of pride in their country, and consequently their president. Once Obama has established a bond and created a sense of community amongst the audience he begins the transition from past tense to future which is cleverly done with the use of repetition â€Å"so it has been. So it must be† which prepares the audience for hard hitting issues which Obama raises unambiguously â€Å"our nation is at war† â€Å"homes have been lost† â€Å"our schools fail too many†, the open manner Obama presents these issues in make the audience feel trusted and the use of the personal pronoun â€Å"our† makes the audience feel responsible and powerful in solving these predominant problems. When addressing these issues Obama use emotive and language and imagery such as â€Å"violence and hatred† and â€Å"greed and irresponsibility† which adds emotion and shows the audience that Obama is passionate about solving the problems he faces which adds impact and conviction to the line â€Å"know this America they will be met† which regains the trust and support of the audience by promising that he will solve these problems. Obama adds emphasis and effects on messages by drawing a contrast â€Å"rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace† compared to â€Å"gathering clouds and raging storms† by talking about the opposite in a positive manner â€Å"raising tides of prosperity† it makes the later, negative phrase â€Å"raging storms† even more powerful and impactful. Throughout Obamas speech he tries to appeal to all members of Americas â€Å"patchwork heritage† He tries to bond the all members of the country b y addressing â€Å"Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus† and bravely â€Å"non-believers† by addressing them all as a one nation.

All Quiet on the Western Front essays

All Quiet on the Western Front essays All Quiet on the Western Front The movie All Quiet on the Western Front, is based on true events that happened around 1916. This is a war movie that dealt with Germans and the French, in WWI. Paul Baumer was the main character, but still I liked the way he acted, and how real some of his stunts were. I did not like Corporal Himmelstoss, ever since I first saw him; he was pretty crazy and impatient. A very good person and very patient guy was Stainislaus Katczinsky, all his recruits loved him. Paul Baumer, a nineteen-year-old student, convinced to enlist with German army by his schoolmaster, Kentorek. Paul and many of his friends from school were trained together by Corporal Himmelstoss. Paul had a best friend who went to the same school, and trained with each other. Albert Kropp was his name; they both went through a lot of things together. Paul was a great soldier who lasted a while until he was killed a month before the war ended in October 11, 1918. Corporal Himmelstoss was a strictly disciplined commander who dislikes Paul because of his defiance. The Corporal Himmelstoss made them do so much exercise in the mud that one of the officials took him down from training, to going to the front. Himmelstoss had the shortest patience, and it got him no where. When Paul and his buddies were resting from the front, they met with the Corporal and Paul and the others made fun of him. Stanislaus Katczinsky a man of forty years of age he was a wise old man as well as a friend to the other recruits. This man was very well experienced at war, since he was an old hand. All of his recruits loved, and respected him as a father. Mr. Katczinsky was a type of person who had patience with everyone who showed him respects. Paul really looked up to Katczinsky as a father, and Katczinsky treated him as his own son. In conclusion to All Quiet on the Western Front, it was a gre ...

Negative Structures in English

Negative Structures in English There are a number of negatives structures in English ranging from basic negative sentences to the more complicated neither ... nor and not ... either. Learn the most common negative structures by following the rules below. Negative Verb Conjugation The most common negative structure in English is the conjugation of the verb in the negative. Verbs can be used in the negative by placing not directly after the auxiliary verb in each conjugation. The combination of the auxiliary verb not is often contracted in English. For example: do not dont, will not wont, has not hasnt, etc. S auxiliary verb not main verb objects She wont come to the party tomorrow.Tom hasnt finished the report.We arent studying Russian this semester. Negative Imperative The imperative form is used to instruct / command others. Use do not plus the verb for all comparative forms. No subject is required for the use of the imperative form. Do not verb objects Do not begin without me.Dont waste any time.Do not touch the glass. Never Never is used to express the idea that something is never done. Note that never is used with positive form of the verb but results in a negative meaning. Its also important to remember that the present simple and past simple do not take an auxiliary verb in the positive form. In other words, use the auxiliary verb for the present perfect, future, etc., but not with the present or past simple. S (auxiliary verb) never verb objects She never takes time off work.Mary has never returned my calls.Peter never walked to school when he was young. Double Negatives in English Double negatives - the use of two no words such as not and nowhere in one sentence - are incorrect in English. When modifying something use either a no word, or any as explained in the following sections. He doesnt like anything. OR He likes nothing.Angela hasnt visited anyone this month. OR Angela has visited no one this month.She isnt going to travel anywhere. OR Shes going to travel nowhere. Use of Any Any and words such as anyone, anybody, anything, etc. are used in negative sentences and questions. S auxiliary verb not main verb any objects He doesnt have any time.Mary isnt going to eat any dinner.Peter hasnt done anything for the past three days. No Words There are a number of no words such as nowhere, nothing, no one, which can be used in place of any words. Note the difference in structure between the two. Any words take the negative verb structure, no words take positive structures. S (auxiliary verb) main verb no word objects I have nothing to say.No more / not ...  any moreThe boys invited no one to their party.Timothy has gone nowhere this summer. Negative Any OR No Word The following sections refer to specific similar structures using either the negative verb form with any or a no word. In each of these cases examples are given for both forms. The forms used have been explained above. I have no more time today. OR I dont have any more time today.She has thought of no more ideas. OR She hasnt thought of any more ideas. Nobody / not ... anybody Note: This has the same meaning as no one / not ... anyone. Susan saw nobody at work today. OR Susan didnt see anyone at work today.Tom bought nobody a present. OR Tom didnt buy anyone a present. No one / not ... anyone Note: This has the same meaning as no body / not ... anybody. Im meeting no one today. OR Im not meeting anyone today.Alice has bought no one presents yet. OR Alice hasnt bought anyone presents yet. Nothing / not ... anything Ive eaten nothing all day. OR I havent eaten anything all done.Doug talks about nothing with his friends. OR Doug doesnt talk about anything with his friends. Nowhere / not ... anywhere Shelly has gone nowhere this year. OR Shelly hasnt gone anywhere this year.Alex has travelled nowhere outside of the USA. OR Alex hasnt travelled anywhere outside of the USA. Neither ... Nor Use the phrase neither ... nor when expressing two negatives together. Note that the verb is inverted after the use of nor. I have neither the time nor have I had the desire to do my work.She has neither the time nor the money to help her friends.Alex has neither the means nor does he have the ability to find a new job.

Strongest and Weakest Parts of a Magnet

Strongest and Weakest Parts of a Magnet Did you know that the magnetic field of a magnet is not uniform? The strength of the field varies depending on its location around the magnet. The magnetic field of a bar magnet is strongest at either pole of the magnet. It is equally strong at the north pole when compared with the south pole. The force is weaker in the middle of the magnet and halfway between the pole and the center. If you were to sprinkle iron filings on a piece of paper and place the magnet beneath it, you could see the path of the magnetic field lines. The field lines are closely packed at either pole of the magnet, widening as they get farther from the pole and connecting to the opposite pole of the magnet. The magnetic field lines emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole. The magnetic field gets weaker the farther you get from either pole, so a bar magnet is only useful for picking up small items over short distances. Where Is the Magnetic Field Strongest? Iron filings make a pattern tracing field lines because each bit of iron is itself a tiny dipole (the separation between magnetic fields). The force the dipole experiences is proportional to the strength of the dipole and proportional to the rate at which the magnetic field changes. The dipole tries to align itself with a magnetic field, but at the ends of a bar magnet, the field lines are very close together. What this indicates is that the magnetic field varies strongly over a short distance compared to the variation closer to the middle of the magnet. Because the magnetic field changes so dramatically, a dipole feels more force.

Rotanas expansion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rotanas expansion - Case Study Example Rotana through the management expects to raise the standards of the hotel industry, which is only majorly realizable with clear goals. Performance in terms of the achievement of measured growth and expansion realization through the Middle East is also likely to improve due to well-set goals. Goals also support the controlling function in planning, as progress can be assessed and corrective action taken. When a company is able to meet its goals, motivation levels go up an as a result increased output is realizable (Forsyth 123). From the case study, Rotana’s stated goals are simple, clear, flexible and achievable given the growth realization so far both in the ME and North Africa. In addition, they are measurable, well written, in terms of outcomes and they are communicated to all the necessary members of the organization (http://www.rotana.com). â€Å"This is Rotana† in Rotana Hotels website, tell us much about the Vision, Values, and expansion plan. According to the Vi sion which is, â€Å"To be the Leading Hospitality Management Company recognized for its unique blend of world-class standards with genuine hospitality and for its truly treasured experiences provided for guests, colleagues and owners.† It is Culminated with a Brand promise revolving around their treasure for time, adaptability to treasured time and how such a time recognizes the past while reflecting on the presents into a promising future. Based on this it is prudent to say that Rotana adheres to its values and based on its Vision it has the potential of achieving its expansion plan to 100 hotels in the next three years (http://www.rotana.com). The case study reiterates the fact that planning is a procedure where an organization sets goals like the ones set by Rotana Hotels. After this, they then formulate a strategy on how such goals and targets are to be met. Ultimately developing an inclusive plan to integrate and coordinate work activities. According to the case study, I am able to learn that planning provides direction while reducing the level of uncertainty in organizational goals achievement. According to the case study, we are able to see that Rotana Hotels are able to grow by 70 branches and across regions that is in North Africa and ME (http://www.rotana.com). In attaining these, the Hotel was able to minimize wastage with well-set standards for control (Forsyth 207). Case study 2 Air Arabia seems to exploiting the Low cost strategy aimed at quality service provision to its clients while maximizing the profitability from its operations. The company claims to be the one that offers comfort, reliability, and value for customer’s money. In its low cost strategy, it has placed measures to reduce training, maintenance, and multi-cabins cost. Coupled with this is the high turn around costs to save on airport expenses. Airport, expenses are also reduced by flying to secondary less congested airports. Apart from the optional paid for in fligh t food and beverage the airline exploits for cheaper advertising through the internet hence saving on costs. The main advantage of this airline is the location, which allows it to access several locations worldwide hence wide client base (http://www.airarabia.com). SWOT analysis is quite useful for Air Arabia given its focus on its growth plans. This is because the SWOT would enable the stakeholders to quickly understand the company while recognizing its potential partnerships and suppliers. This is because SWOT analysis is a crucial resource for industry executives and anyone with an interest in gaining a better understanding of a company’s business (http://www.airarabia.com). Furthermore, the company will be bale to gain insight into the market place and better

Responses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Responses - Assignment Example It is time for our laws to be changed for the better and place some confidence in the parents. Traditionally, researchers like Cook and Kopko (2014) have discouraged this practice. Possibly, you should look into the benefits of allowing parents this right! I recommend researching the question â€Å"What can be done to stop drug abuse among teenagers?† Although the topic has been researched before and there is plentiful research reporting the causes, effects, and strategies for prevention of drug abuse among teenagers, yet the sensitivity and gravity of the issue demands more research and knowledge-creation. However, if you want to specifically research ways of discouraging teenagers from consuming prescription pills as drugs, the question should be focused at prescription pills’ abuse rather than drug abuse in a general sense. Teenagers, their parents, nurses, and doctors are some categories of people whose input you must take for the data. Hall et al. (2010) is one of the sources you may consider to find out what all is known about the abuse of prescription drugs so

Discussion Question 1 Week 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 1 Week 8 - Assignment Example People hardly noticed them, and in most of the cities, the police had the signs removed (MacMillan, 2007). In Boston, the advert took a bizarre turn where commuters and the residents mistook the signs as explosive devices. This caused a lot of havoc in the town. In reference to Lamb et al (2011), Cartoon network had failed to notify the residents and commuters about the prank. Structuring and sustaining relationships with an organization’s consumers are a fundamental aspect of public relations. Different types of advertising and creating awareness such as use of brochures, newsletters and press releases have been used to create and enhance relationships with the public. In promotion, an organization should not fail to plan. Promotion planning involves identifying a target market, making a budget and coming up with an appropriate advertisement. Cartoon network’s target market is the kids and the best way would have been to organize for a kid’s fun day or to come up with an audio visual advert that is appealing to kids. Promotion is an imperative aspect of an organization. Promotion aids in informing, influencing and persuading consumers’ purchase decision (Lamb et al., 2011). Different promotional strategies have different aims though they all seek to improve consumer demand. Pet Airways relies on the publicity of the owners, Binder and Wiesel, who featured in television shows, in addition to magazines and newspapers. These advertising tools helped create awareness of their company and the services they offer. Since there is no independent airline that transports pets alone, Pet airways got more publicity quickly. The discounts and other advantages for using the airline are another factor that substantially facilitates its expansion. However, increased publicity through sponsorships, advertising and public relations may enable the company serve more

Developing Leadership Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing Leadership Diversity - Research Paper Example According to an issue paper published by the Military Leadership Diversity Commission (MLDC), â€Å"diversity leadership addresses how leaders at all ranks and organizational levels shape the impact of diversity dynamics in the forces under their command† (2010, p. 2). Due to the expansive applicability of developing leadership diversity in current times, the research paper hereby aims to proffer pertinent issues relative to leadership diversity and would hereby identify and describe emerging ideas and examples of innovative organizations that apply the chosen leadership diversity concepts. Definition of Terms A study conducted by Lim, Cho & Curry (2008) have explicitly provided a definition of diversity leadership as dealing â€Å"with ways in which people and groups relate to one another and how management [leadership] decisions are made in the midst of differences similarities and tensions among groups† (cited in Military Leadership Diversity Commision (MLDC), 2010, p. 1). ... Morrison’s (1992) definition of leadership diversity, to wit: â€Å"the acknowledging that diversity is indeed a leadership issue and is â€Å"the integration of diversity within the leadership ranks† (p.4; cited by Alkandry, n.d., p. 8). Emerging Ideas In the research conducted by Alkandry (n.d.), the author acknowledged that â€Å"managing a diverse workforce would need a different type of leader who is capable of exercising cultural relativism. In this situation leadership diversity becomes an issue of inclusiveness and respect for the cultural uniqueness of every member of the organization† (Alkandry, n.d., p. 5). This is consistent with Shen, et.al.’s (2009) study which disclosed that â€Å"diversity management does not only recognize but also values and harnesses workforce differences, such as individual characteristics, backgrounds, orientations and religious beliefs, so that individual talents are being fully utilized and organizational goals are met† (p. 238). Given these theoretical frameworks, the challenge is to develop leaders who recognize distinct values on respective cultural orientations; yet, are able to harness talents, skills and abilities that facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. Morrison (1993) proposed five steps in developing leadership diversity in organizations, as follows: â€Å"The first step is to discover, and then regularly rediscover, the current problems in your own organization. Step two is to strengthen top management commitment. Step three is to choose practices in a strategic way. Then, step four is to demand results from those efforts. Step five is to then build on progress to keep momentum going† (par. 13). Contemporary organizations have been manifested to practice developing leadership diversity, as proposed by

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Essay

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Arab world have reached maturity due to the crucial role pl - Essay Example The advent of new media has made it easier for people and parties to gather and use information, and spread as far and wide as they want (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). Today, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have united millions of people, especially those with common interests and agendas. These platforms allow people to share ideas, thoughts and sentiments and discuss them with people interested, a process usually referred to as cyber activism. This activism has even made online political discussions possible. The Arab World countries have however, found new use for the new media. For them, their smart phones, twitter and Facebook are not just used for leisure, sharing, commenting and following, they have become their tools of liberation, their weapons against dictatorial regimes and a platform for gathering people towards mass action and collective responsibility (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). For these countries, it is a time for revolution, a time to change their lives, change corrupt regimes and establish a whole new season of leadership. The question is, is it right to say that the Arab world has reached its maturity in revolutionary processes due to the roles played by the new media? This is the question that this work seems to find an answer to. To do this, some case studies of events and countries where social media has been used to foster revolution, then an analysis of all the cases shall be done and a conclusion drawn. The 2010 Tunisia Revolution It all started when a street vendor in Tunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi set himself ablaze on claims of harassment by officials of the municipality. The updates of these images on the social media not only went viral but it also attracted emotional and harsh comments from the people, all attacking the government. This horrible police action laid the foundation of the revolution. The revolution, also commonly referred to as the Jasmine Revolution took place from 18th December of 2010. Some of the reasons why the protestors took to the streets included unemployment, inflation especially in the food sector, curtailed and restricted freedom of speech, unhealthy living conditions, police brutality among others. During the protests, which went to as far as past March of 2011, many people died and others injured. To the activists and non conformers, they wanted nothing less than the step-down of the then president, Zine EL Abidine Ben Ali. He had exercised his dictatorial rule for over 23 years since his election in 1987. The revolutionary protests in Tunisia took place in form of strikes, online activism, civil resistance and disobedience among others. When the government realized that the protestors were not willing to back off or retreat, Ben Ali finally stepped down on 15th January 2011. Foud Mebazaa then became the acting president, and the protestors demanded that elections be held in sixty days. All the RCD members were removed from government but the protests d id not subside, resulting to the resignation of the prime minister. Tunisia opened the gate for the Arab world uprisings and revolutions, which have seen huge and immense changes in the dictatorial regimes. The revolution became famously known as the Twitter revolution, where the protests claimed that they were tweeting out the tyrants .To them, they were ready to bring change to the country and fight for democracy. The new media was vastly and widely used to propagate and call for mass action. At then, Tunisia had become a center of focus in

Financial Accounting Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Accounting Reports - Essay Example The Financial Accounting Standards Board says financial reporting to be financial statements as well as other ways to communicate financial information related to the enterprise to the outside users. Financial reporting, compared to the financial accounting, is quite broader concept that encompasses the financial statements, the notes that are given below those statements and the disclosures. Financial statements are useful in providing important information to make decisions about the credit decisions and investments and also to assess the cash flow prospects. Information about the resources of the enterprise, its claim to these resources obtained and the changes that these resources undergo is also provided by the financial statements. Information provided by financial reporting is used by management and others who make economic decisions. Financial reporting primarily focuses on information about the earnings and the components it has. (International Financial Reporting Standards, 2013) Investors: these people make investments in the entity. They are interested about the security of their investments and potential profits in the entity. People interested in making investment in an entity make use of the financial statements, especially the income statement, with the help of which they can estimate the future incomes and performance of the entity they are interested to invest in. The solvency of the company and the financial strength will reveal whether their investments will be secured or not. Investors like unit trusts and pension funds are the most sophisticated and the largest group of investors. Lenders: they need the information about the entity’s financial strength and performance to know whether the entity will be able to pay them in future. This depends on how are the solvency conditions of the entity. They are shown by the balance sheet/statement of financial position. The entities may

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Essay

Discuss critically the assertion that revolutionary processes in the Arab world have reached maturity due to the crucial role pl - Essay Example The advent of new media has made it easier for people and parties to gather and use information, and spread as far and wide as they want (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). Today, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have united millions of people, especially those with common interests and agendas. These platforms allow people to share ideas, thoughts and sentiments and discuss them with people interested, a process usually referred to as cyber activism. This activism has even made online political discussions possible. The Arab World countries have however, found new use for the new media. For them, their smart phones, twitter and Facebook are not just used for leisure, sharing, commenting and following, they have become their tools of liberation, their weapons against dictatorial regimes and a platform for gathering people towards mass action and collective responsibility (Anderson and Eickelman, 2003: 39). For these countries, it is a time for revolution, a time to change their lives, change corrupt regimes and establish a whole new season of leadership. The question is, is it right to say that the Arab world has reached its maturity in revolutionary processes due to the roles played by the new media? This is the question that this work seems to find an answer to. To do this, some case studies of events and countries where social media has been used to foster revolution, then an analysis of all the cases shall be done and a conclusion drawn. The 2010 Tunisia Revolution It all started when a street vendor in Tunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi set himself ablaze on claims of harassment by officials of the municipality. The updates of these images on the social media not only went viral but it also attracted emotional and harsh comments from the people, all attacking the government. This horrible police action laid the foundation of the revolution. The revolution, also commonly referred to as the Jasmine Revolution took place from 18th December of 2010. Some of the reasons why the protestors took to the streets included unemployment, inflation especially in the food sector, curtailed and restricted freedom of speech, unhealthy living conditions, police brutality among others. During the protests, which went to as far as past March of 2011, many people died and others injured. To the activists and non conformers, they wanted nothing less than the step-down of the then president, Zine EL Abidine Ben Ali. He had exercised his dictatorial rule for over 23 years since his election in 1987. The revolutionary protests in Tunisia took place in form of strikes, online activism, civil resistance and disobedience among others. When the government realized that the protestors were not willing to back off or retreat, Ben Ali finally stepped down on 15th January 2011. Foud Mebazaa then became the acting president, and the protestors demanded that elections be held in sixty days. All the RCD members were removed from government but the protests d id not subside, resulting to the resignation of the prime minister. Tunisia opened the gate for the Arab world uprisings and revolutions, which have seen huge and immense changes in the dictatorial regimes. The revolution became famously known as the Twitter revolution, where the protests claimed that they were tweeting out the tyrants .To them, they were ready to bring change to the country and fight for democracy. The new media was vastly and widely used to propagate and call for mass action. At then, Tunisia had become a center of focus in

Tiger Balm Essay Example for Free

Tiger Balm Essay Analysis and recommendations of the existing marketing strategies Tiger Balm is a well-known herbal ointment remedy that was developed to relieve the aches and pains in ancient China. It is a very successful example of a truly Asian brand that has gained international recognition. It has created a high degree of awareness and loyalty in global markets. I have evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of your company’s existing marketing strategies, and based on my study, I have found out the following problems: 1. Your target audiences are all age group ,but your target audiences are mainly focused on pain sufferers and sportspeople. When people talk about tiger balm, what comes to their mind is that it is an old heritage originated from ancient China and it relieves the aches and pains. Tiger balm gains its reputation and popularity mostly from its quality and its efficacy. You have a wide customer base which is good. Your positioning strategy approaches different market segments, but is always based on the same brand promise, that is â€Å"works whenever it hurts†. 2. Your products are all labeled as pain reliever. But actually some of Tiger balm’s products are not pain reliever. this may mislead and exclude some people who are just sports enthusiasts. They may simply not have to try the product, believing it not to be for them. 3. If your new product extensions all emphasize your brand promise, consumers may think the product is nothing new but another pain reliever. They may think you don’t produce anything else other than pain reliever. They don’t know the differences among your products .They don’t know which one is good for them and which one they should purchase. This may limit your brand’s organic growth. 4. Your brand communication seems not very creative. In China, people perceive Tiger Balm as a grandfather or grandmother’s product because it has been used mostly by the older generation who have grown up with the brand. You need to attract new target market using non-traditional forms of media. Recommendations: 1. Different products are segmented into separate functions and apply to difference target audiences. Your target audiences can’t be only focused on pain sufferers and sportspeople because they only take a small part of the whole consumer market. Nowadays, many customers have stopped using Tiger Balm, they have to be convinced that Tiger Balm is relevant. To exploit the new health trend, you can position the balm as something like pre-exercise rub, demonstrate to them how Tiger Balm can help keep their activity, exercise, and life going. You can sponsor more sports events , put your products’ pictures everywhere in the gymnasiums, outdoor LCD screens, etc, pushing awareness of Tiger Balm’s capabilities, drawing on its eastern heritage, while maintaining its appeal to the modern world. 2. You can’t just present to your potential customers as a pain reliever, but rather as a way of life that allows people who want to live life to the full to do what they love most. In order to tap into new market to attract more younger generation, you may need to modify your products. You can add on new features to your products to differentiate them from your competitors. 3.Don’t limit your product extensions to your brand promise. You can try to make an image that your products are family necessity. Everyone can use it even he or she is not experiencing any pain. You can exhibit your different product extensions in supermarkets and demonstrate to the potential customers (housewives,etc) the different functions of your products. This has an advantage of personal contact and you get the chance to build a customer-friendly image. 4.Certainly, you don’t want to lose your loyal customers. So you need to remain focus on your brand’s quality and usefulness and get your existing customers to rely on the brand. All in all, Tiger balm has been doing very successful in its positioning strategy and positioning itself as the world’s leading topical analgesic ,perfect for soothing muscular aches and pains .

Analysis of Proteins in Fish Muscle Tissue

Analysis of Proteins in Fish Muscle Tissue Introduction In vertebrates, the muscular system is an anatomical organ system controlled through the nervous system. Derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells, these contractile tissues-of skeletal, smooth, or cardiac origin-are responsible for blood circulation, internal organ function, heat production, and organ protection.[1] With the skeletal system integrated, voluntary and reflexive movement, as well as posture and body position, become possible. Surrounded by an epimysium, skeletal muscles are composed of many long muscle fibers lined with endomysium, which are bound together by perimysium into bundles called fascicles.[2] Within these myocytes, there are smaller strands of myofibrils that contain myofilaments (or sarcomeres) the basic unit of a striated muscle tissue. These repeating sarcomeres contract in response to nerve signals by means of sliding filaments: actin and myosin. The thin filaments consist of two chains of spherical actin proteins twisted in a helical co nformation and troponin as a contraction regulator.[2] Each actin molecule has a myosin-binding site that is covered by tropomyosin during muscle relaxation. Having a head and tail region, myosin II proteins generally form the thick filaments with its six polypeptide chains and can cross bridge with actin filaments due to their elasticity and contractibility properties. Specifically, the motor domain of its two heavy chains adopt an ÃŽÂ ±-helical coiled coil configuration and couple ATP hydrolysis with its motion while its two light chains-which wrap around the neck region of each heavy chain at the IQ sequence motif-have regulatory roles[1]. Although this major multi-subunit protein has remained greatly stabile across the animal kingdom over time, myosin light chains have undergone evolutionary divergences for different species; however, the essential structure and functions have remained highly conserved.[3] Caused by genetic mutations, only favorable variations are passed thro ugh this process allows for specialization, speciation, and evolution that eventually increases survival ability: DNA (genes)  ® RNA ® Protein  ® Trait  ® Evolution. Protein gel electrophoresis and western blotting can be used to compare myosin light chains of different species by identifying any commonalities or alterations in specific subunits. Since proteins reflect changes in the gene pool, the phenotype and function as well as form of an organism can be identified, allowing for the study of their physiological adaptations to the environment. Through comparative proteomics-defined as the analysis of differentially expressed proteins with comparison between at least two protein profiles-changes in the proteome that have been caused by development, diseases, and the environment can be identified allowing for assessment of biological variability and dataset comparability.[4] The objective of this lab was to extract proteins from unknown samples of fish muscle tissue and then qualitatively analyze this protein mixture by performing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) twice. The protein bands of the first gel-representing the total amount of proteins found in the tissue homogenate-were stained and visualized at 595nm with the Bio-Safe Coomassie Blue G-250 dye at 595nm while the fractionated proteins of the second gel were electroblotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane via Western blotting where the specific protein of interest was selectively immuno-detected by chemiluminescence with a horseshoe radish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody. [3,4] Accordingly, the goal of this report is to identify the different types of proteins found in fish muscle-specifically of shark, tilapia, skitter, and salmon-required for muscle contraction and movement and to establish whether they are highly conserved or variable across all animal species. Consequently, information about the environment, niche, or physiological stresses faced by the organism can be elucidated as specific protein modifications that alter muscle function and performance work to increase their fitness and adaptiveness.[2] Differences in proteins may reveal information about the evolutionary relationships among various organisms and by understanding this diversity in the natural world, many biological problems can be solved to improve the quality of human life.       Materials and Methods First, unknown tissue samples from two different fish species were prepared for protein extraction: in a 1.5mL microcentrifuge tube, 250ÃŽÂ ¼L of Laemmli (1x SDS) sample buffer was added as well as the minced tissue. After gently agitating the contents by flicking the tube, it was left to incubate at room temperature for five minutes. Next, the tube was centrifuged to pellet the tissue; this allowed for transfer of the supernatant buffer to a new 1.5mL screw cap tube, which was then boiled at 95 °C for five minutes. Second, SDS PAGE was performed on two separate precast TGX gels (purchased from Bio-Rad) since both Coomassie Blue staining and Western blotting were required. Refer to the BIO314 experiment 7 lab manual for instructions on how the gel apparatus was assembled with the Mini-Protean gels and tetra cell. When this was completed, the loading scheme for Coomassie staining involved pipetting the protein ladder (Biorad cat #161-0375) in lane 1 (at 7 ÃŽÂ ¼L/line) and the actin/myosin standards in lane 6 (at 5 ÃŽÂ ¼L/line). The rest of the lanes were used to load the samples (at 10ÃŽÂ ¼L/line). The same set-up was done for the immunoblotting gel, except only 5ÃŽÂ ¼L/line of each boiled sample was loaded. Refer to the BIO314 experiment 7 lab manual for instructions on how these solutions were loaded. After all of the samples have been loaded, the gel box lid was connected to the electrode assembly by matching the red and black leads with their corresponding electrodes. Then, the leads were plugged into the power supply, which was subsequently turned on and set to run at a constant voltage of 200V. This process was terminated at 30 minutes when the loading dye started to exit the gel. Refer to the BIO314 experiment 7 lab manual for instructions on how the gels were removed. Third, Bio-Safe Coomassie staining was done on the appropriate gel-with samples loaded at 10ÃŽÂ ¼L/line-which was peeled from the plate: it was then inserted into a container of deionized water and washed for 5 minutes on a rocking platform. Afterwards, the gel was transferred to another container with Coomassie staining solution again, this was left on a rocking platform for 15 minutes. Upon completion, the stained gel was put in deionized water (destaining solution) and the lid was capped onto this container, which was placed onto the rocking platform for 15 minutes. Fourth, the immunoblot was prepared and transferred: with blunt-ended tweezers, the PVDF membrane and bottom stack was placed on the cassette base; the membrane was left facing up. Any air bubbles seen were immediately removed with a blot roller. Since one mini gel was employed, the stack was centered in the cassette. Then, the second gel-with samples loaded at 5ÃŽÂ ¼L/line-was peeled from the plate (from the SD S-PAGE step) and stacked over-top of the PVDF membrane. Any air bubbles present were subsequently removed using a blot roller. Next, a second wetted top-ion transfer stack was placed above this gel. This assembled sandwich was rolled thoroughly with a blot roller to prevent any air bubbles from being trapped. Finally, the lid was closed and locked onto the cassette and this was set inside the turbo blotter to initiate the transfer. When the electro-transfer process was finished, the blots were dismantled and stored (at -20 °C) according to the instructions written in the BIO314 experiment 7 lab manual. After one week, the Western blot-that had been rocked on a platform with block solution A for 1 hour-was placed into 10mL of blocking solution B and 5ÃŽÂ ¼L of primary antibody was added on that solution with swirling; this was incubated for 20 minutes. Upon completion, the gel was washed with 15mL of wash buffer (three times, each with 10 minutes of incubation); then 15mL of blo cking solution B and 5ÃŽÂ ¼L of secondary antibody was added and incubated at 15 minutes. The three wash steps were repeated. With the wash buffer drained, the membrane was put on a plastic paper protector (with the protein side up) and 400ÃŽÂ ¼L of substrate (made by mixing reagent A and B in 1:1 ratio, 200ÃŽÂ ¼L each) was spread evenly across the middle of the blot. A plastic protector was then added over it and this was imaged with a digital imager for chemiluminescence detection and analyzed using the BioRad ChemiDOC-MP Imaging System for the molecular weight and signal intensity of the protein bands (refer to the instructions posted on blackboard on how this program was operated). Results and Discussion According to the Coomassie-stained gel, the variability in the staining intensity of the protein bands in lanes 2, 3, 4 and 5-for skeletal muscle tissue samples from shark, tilapia, skitter, and salmon-signify the difference in the relative abundance of individual polypeptides in each organism (note that lane 5, band 11 was used as the reference). Influenced by factors such as protein expression and control, these species have generated different quantities of proteins with similar masses in their muscle tissues as they have adapted to specific environmental and biochemical interactions.[5] In figure 1, the potential mass and intensity values of myosin-light chain (MLC) are as follows: shark (15.43kDa at 0.37, 17.65 at 1.71, 20.64 at 1.09, 21.60 at 0.25, 23.05 at 0.69, 23.79 at 0.92, and 25.54 at 1.02); tilapia (15.33kDa at 1.34, 16.42 at 0.75, 19.02 at 0.35, 20.37 at 1.56, 21.47 at 0.34, and 23.79 at 0.36); skitter (15.92kDa at 2.09, 17.99 at 0.94, 20.12 at 0.48, and 23.75 at 0.55) and salmon (16.07kDa at 1.13, 20.12 at 0.31, 21.08 at 0.64, 21.76 at 0.26, and 24.92 at 0.34). Due to selective immunodetection of MLC proteins in Western blotting by a primary antibody, the various protein bands lying in the general MLC range of 15-25kDa in the Coomassie gel can be narrowed to: shark (23.94kDa at 1.33); tilapia (24.47 at 0.70); skitter (24.47 at 0.36); salmon (24.47 at 0.22) and myosin marker (24.47 at 2.40) all of which resemble the myosin light chain isoform I (>20kDa) as isoforms II (20kDa) and III (15kDa) have lower masses; with a greater variability of myosin, tilapia has an additional band of 20.68kDa at 0.39 that resembles isoform II. [5] The other bands were dismissed as non-specific background interferences (note that lane 4, band 5 was used as the reference for the immunoblot). The high specificity of primary antibodies in probing their target allows for its wide-use in proteomic research as a reliable immunodetection technique; since proteins can indica te evolutionary relatedness or the presence of genetic diseases, their role as biomarkers has allowed for measurements of physiological changes as well as their quantifications.[6] In the appendix, all of the protein bands for the four species have been assigned a protein that corresponds to its molecular weight. From this, it can be denoted that sharks are more closely related to salmons than tilapia and skitters, both of which are tied for second place. However, based on fish phylogeny: sharks and skitters-belonging to the same class called Chondrichthyes-have diverged prior to the class of Actinopterygiis, which include both salmon and tilapia.[7] In terms of classification relative to the order, sharks (of Elasmobranchii) have the greatest evolutionary relationship with skitters (of Rajiformes), then salmons (of Salmoniformes), and lastly tilapia (of Perciformes).[7] As a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein, myosin is composed of four light chains (MLC)-two non-phosphorylatable essential alkali chains, two phosphorylatable regulatory chains-and two heavy chains (MHC). Specifically, the protein bands of these light chains have a molecular weight as a range from 15 to 25kDa; this diversity in the masses occur largely from alternative RNA splicing mechanisms that generate multiple tissue-/developmental stage-specific isoforms.[7] Although these polymorphic variations do not significantly alter the actin-activated ATPase activity of the myosin-heavy chain, they affect the actin-filament sliding velocities and kinetics-leading to different force-generating abilities.[8] In an evolutionary context, the existence of these hybrid molecules has been adopted by muscles-in response to changing functional demands-to shorten this translocation time in order to increase their overall fitness. Consequently, numerous variants of slow and fast light chains we re developed despite the underlying plasticity of striated muscles.[7] Voluntary muscles are divided into slow twitch and fast twitch muscles. The main difference is that the former red muscle contracts for longer periods of time with little force, require an oxygen-rich operating environment, and contain only two distinct light chains while the latter white type contracts quickly and powerfully for only short bursts of anaerobic activity as they become exhausted due to lactic acid buildup, have glycogenolytic capacity, and possess three different light chain subunits.[8] Over 90% of swimming muscles from sharks are composed of myotomes that can create massive propulsive forces by contracting their high numbers of white fibres; only a few such as the Great White incorporate bands of red muscle to elevate endurance over strength.[9] Accordingly, this explains why the MLC band on the Western blot has the greatest intensity of 1.33 relative to the other species. Conversely, fish species are generally composed of endothermic red-segmented muscles in their t runk musculature-allowing for their stiff-bodied, slow undulatory swimming motions.[6] Due to their decreased mass of white muscles, MLC bands of tilapia, skitter, and salmon are of lower intensity at 0.70, 0.36, and 0.22 respectively. Relative to mammals, fish myosins share the same light chain patterns but have higher variability in MLC mass and quantity due to adaptive differences in movement between red and white myofibrils.[6] Since they have larger phylogenetic diversity, there is an enormous range of contraction speeds and swimming styles among homologous muscles.[6] For example, fast twitch muscles of rabbit, sheep, and chicken have three light chain components at 250kDa-whereas only one is found homologous at 180kDa among pike, dogfish, mackerel, angler-fish, and carp.[5] Moreover, their poikilothermic-nature may have contributed to these light chain divergences as they were forced to adjust to fluctuating environment temperatures that required specific muscle responses fo r survival.[9] Sources of errors with the techniques employed contributed in hindering the accuracy of the results. First, the amount of protein stained with Coomassie dye varied greatly between the sample replicates since the dye may complex with the anionic detergent in its free cationic form interfering with protein concentration estimates. Moreover, this dye selectively targets amino acid resides arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, and phenylalanine; however, the assay performed responds primarily to arginine residues eight-times higher than other ones listed above.[2] Second, reproducibility of the sample preparation and protein extraction steps was an issue due to variability among the skills of the student, which may have caused the quantity differences seen among the replicates. For example: if more tissues were added for one specie, the increased concentration of proteins loaded into the lane would be misled for a true difference in expression among or between the species. To over come these problems: one, an automated protein extraction systems should be employed since its robotic liquid handing technology can control for errors and contaminations leading to greater reproducibility and accuracy; two, silver staining can be substituted for Coomassie due to its higher sensitivity (0.2ng versus 7ng respectively); third, adjustable single-/multi-channel Rainin electronic pipettes should be used as its fully automated and repetitive micro-pipetting has superior consistency allowing for higher throughput work.[4,5,6,9] Overall, it has been discovered that-irrespective of muscle tissue origin-myosin light chain molecules are heterogeneous in mass and intensity and the existence of phasically active fast muscles versus slow tonic muscles has led to characteristic light chain patterns among different fish species. Based on similarities and divergences in the overall protein content and intensities of the different fish species mentioned above, sharks are deemed to be more closely related to salmons than tilapia and skitters both of which are tied for second place. However, according to fish phylogeny, sharks and skitters have diverged before salmon and tilapia, leading to an order classification of sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) having the greatest evolutionary relationship with skitters (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes), then salmons (Actinopterygiis, Salmoniformes), and lastly tilapia (Actinopterygiis, Perciformes). Radical alterations in their muscle proteome may have originated from adaptive responses to environmental stresses-i.e. osmotic, anaerobic, and thermal condition changes- or during symbiosis and development since cells can make different sets of proteins based on its specific spatial-temporal conditions.[5] The inferences made in this lab come with great uncertainty due many accuracy and reproducibility problems. Thus, fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis can be substituted for SDS-PAGE; high-throughput proteomic technologies like micro arrays, mass spectrometry-based methods, protein chips, and reverse-phased protein-microarrays can be used for protein profiling and detection; and hybrid separation-analysis techniques such as reversed-phase chromatography-ESI ionization online analysis systems can be utilized for greater sensitivity, accuracy, and precision all of which allow an experimenter to draw firmer conclusions. References Bandman, E. et al. Developmental Appearance of Myosin Heavy and Light Chain Isoforms in-Vitro and in-Vivo in Chicken Skeletal Muscle. Developmental Biology. 1982, 2, 508-518. Chatfield, S. Experiment 7: Extraction and Electrophoresis of Proteins: Immunoblot Preparation. BIO 314 Laboratory Manual. 2017. Chatfield, S. Experiment 8: Development of Immunoblots (Western Blots). BIO 314 Laboratory Manual. 2017. Focant, B. et al. Subunit Composition of Fish Myofibrils: The Light Chains of Myosin. Journal of Biochemistry. 1976, 110-120. Lowey, S. et al. Function of Skeletal Muscle Myosin Heavy and Light Chain Isoforms by an in Vitro Motility Assay. The Journal of Biological Chemistry.1993, 268, 20414-20418. Lowey, S. et al. Light Chains from Fast and Slow Muscle Myosins. Nature. 1971, 81-85. Syme, D. et al. Red Muscle Function in Stiff-Bodied Swimmers: There and Almost Back Again. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2011, 1507-1515. Tomanek, L. et al. Environmental Proteomics: Changes in the Proteome of Marine Organisms in Response to Environmental Stress, Pollutants, Infection, Symbiosis, and Development. Journal of Animal Science. 2003, 373-390. Young, R. et al. Structural Analysis of Myosin Genes Using Recombinant DNA Techniques. Journal of Animal Science. 1968, 259-268.

Essay on the Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in Rappaccini’s Daughter

The Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   This essay will analyze Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter† to determine the conflicts in the tale, their climax and resolution, using the essays of literary critics to help in this interpretation.    In the opinion of this reader, the central conflict – the relation between the protagonist and antagonist usually(Abrams 225) - in the tale is an internal one within Giovanni between his love for Beatrice and his Puritan belief in the depravity of man. His love for the beautiful daughter blinds him to various indications of her poisonous nature, to the evil nature of her father and to the intent of her father to involve Giovanni as a subject in his sinister experiment. An assortment of lesser conflicts ensue: Professor Baglioni’s battle against Rappaccini; Beatrice’s fight against her father; Beatrice’s battle against her power to kill and in favor of the power to love, etc.    The tale takes place in Padua, Italy, where a Naples student named Giovanni Guascanti has relocated in order to attend the medical school there. His modest room is in an old mansion watched over by the landlady, Dame Lisabetta, a two-dimensional character given to religious expletives like, ``Holy Virgin, signor!'' She seeks to make the customer content with his lodging; she answers Giovanni’s curiosity about a garden next-door: ``No; that garden is cultivated by the own hands of Signor Giacomo Rappaccini, the famous doctor. . . .†    Giovanni in his room can hear the water gurgling in Dr. Rappaccini’s garden, from an ancient marble fountain located in the center of the plants and bushes; of particular interest to Giovanni is â€Å"one shrub i... ... Beatrice dies, â€Å"the poor victim of man's ingenuity and of thwarted nature,† at the feet of her father and Giovanni. The catastrophe is that everyone loses except Beatrice; the doctor loses a daughter and â€Å"specimen†; Giovanni loses a lifetime partner and requires isolation from people as Beatrice did; Baglioni loses an intelligent student; even the landlady loses a renter.    WORKS CITED    Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id="HawRapp"&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public    Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Fawcett Premier, 1966.   

Gettysburg :: essays research papers

There is a lot to say about the Battle of Gettysburg. Many people wonder why this battle out of all others during the war was so great. Many questions were asked. Such as, what did they do for supplies? How did they live? What was the typical military strategy? I will also answer many other questions to in this essay. It’s really hard to believe the things I saw during the movie. It just makes wonder how stupid the government was to even think about starting a Civil War. Millions and millions of men died in this war. For what? Honor? I certainly think they did not die honorably, but just went out there and got slaughtered. Although many people say that the Union and Confederate armies fought because of the importance of Gettysburg; the thing is that it was just a small town back then. Gettysburg was chosen because it was â€Å"good ground†. The Confederate army was passing through to go further north and invade the Union territory. The Union army was having the same idea about the south. Good ground was high terrain surrounded by trees. The role geography played in the war was that the army who was placed on the good ground would have a better position on the opposing forces. The officers and soldiers had different lifestyles during the war. The generals would be in cabins or log houses with plenty of supplies. The rest of the army had lived in tents with supplies, but not as much as the generals. So basically the higher your rank, the better you r living conditions were. Although living conditions were different, the strategy was similar. Many times the Union army had to play defensively. The development of trench warfare began. If supplies or ammo got too low, sometimes they would charge and attack the Southerners, like Colonel Chamberlain did when he was defending the line. The Confederate army under the command of General Lee would march all the way to the gate and try to capture it. When in combat, both sides had the same kind of artillery. Soldiers used muskets and small handguns and generals on the other hand would ride on horseback with a sword and pistol. Another type of weaponry that was used were cannons. Even though cannons were much more powerful, muskets were easier due to the fact that they were portable and fired rounds quicker.

A New Orgnization In Tampa

The new organization in Tampa, Florida is very diverse but interrelated medical practice for multiple reasons but mainly through the physicians that have combined to create this practice. The three well-established physicians that combined to form the new organization are an obstetrician, a gynecologist, and an urologist. The relationships that are formed through this group of physicians and staff are important when detailing vertical and horizontal dimensions. The vertical dimensions of this organization would be the upward and downward channels of communication, decision making, and the direction of activities taking place.Employing the appropriate staff for each physician is vital for smooth and accurate business. Staffing must include schedulers, billing department, nursing staff, etc. Having a business manager to keep the business operations and staff organized is vital in the vertical chain of command. In this case, a liaison is appointed to the medical staff that the physician s can depend on to ensure smooth coordination between organizations and within the medical building/hospital. The horizontal dimensions of this organization are in place to keep each specialist a unit in one medical building but also very specific to their different practices.A prime example of horizontal dimension is the obstetrician needing a nurse practitioner specifically in the practice to ensure that the help that is needed is supplied. Combining similar physicians is convenient for their clientele/patients but it is also very important that the division is present so that the organization is in place. Authority and Responsibility relationships that are present in this new organization are obviously apparent through the specialists that are collaborating to form a practice. More specifically, the authority is present within the people that’s main purpose is to give orders and oversee activities.For example, the liaison that tends to the hospital and the physicians as we ll as the office manager that oversees the staff and business productions. The responsibility side of this organization is entirely up to the office staff as well as the physicians to follow close instructions and show the responsibility that is vital in a successful business operation. In this particular practice, I believe that an organic organization is suitable. Having a few rules and procedures as well as a small number of organizational levels and ranks would be ideal for this new organization.By organizing the office in this way it will give more responsibility to a few people that can work together to keep everything very structured and uncomplicated. By creating a triangle that amplifies the most important roles with responsible supervision I feel that everyone would be held accountable. The differentiations of this organization are the various elements that are present through the roles each person takes. Multiple physicians, the nursing staff, and office staff are all imp ortant parts in what the differentials in this organization consist of.Knowing what the responsibilities are and what is expected helps to differentiate positions. Integration within this organization recognizes that there are specialized units that all have to work together in sync to benefit the overall well-being of the practice. The nursing staff must work hand in hand with the physicians to ensure the support is needed to provide the best care. The office and insurance staff must work hand in hand to ensure that the business runs smoothly as well as creates revenue.