Special Needs For Prison Offenders Essay - 2170 Words

Special-Needs Offenders †¢ With special needs in prison offenders with special needs in connection with physical or mental age or other difficulties. Special needs may include many types of conditions including: †¢ The perpetrators of serious Psychological and mental retardation, psychiatric disorders, significant behavioral, multiple disabilities, neurological disorders and addiction problems; or †¢ Offenders with physical disabilities or chronic illnesses or terminal; or †¢ Older offenders; or †¢ Criminals with serious deficiencies in social and / or educational, disability or language barriers to learning; or †¢ The perpetrator security needs or special supervision, such as protection, cases of detention, sentenced to death, and those who have the potential chronic or aggressive behavior; or †¢ Sex offenders, requiring treatment can reduce the risk of recurrence. Drug abuse is a major cause of the creation of offenders with special needs in society. Offenders with special needs require special attention during treatment and imprisonment. Make a proper assessment must be in the consumption of these criminals. State departments of corrections and various other agencies work closely in the process of treating the offender with special needs through programs such as community policing, corrections and community integration of community citizens. Since the definition of offenders with special needs varies greatly, laws should be consulted for the purposes of their area. TheShow MoreRelatedPrisoners with Special Needs917 Words   |  4 PagesPrisoners with Special Needs Roy Briston CJA/234 February 18, 2014 Prisoners with Special Needs There are many inmates in prisons that have different special needs. Some of these needs are based on whether the inmates are male or female. Males have some special needs to take care of their selves that females do not and vice versa. Then there are those who suffer from a mental illness. 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The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 24 Free Essays

Dear Diary, It’s the night before the night of our first party – or rather gala. But I don’t feel very gala. I miss Stefan too much. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 24 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve been brooding about Matt, too. How he walked away, so angry at me, not even looking back. He didn’t understand how I could†¦care for†¦Damon, and yet still love Stefan so much that it felt as if my heart was breaking. Elena put down the pen and stared at her diary dully. The heartbreak manifested itself in actual physical pains in her chest that would have frightened her if she hadn’t been sure of what it really was. She missed Stefan so desperately that she could hardly eat, could barely sleep. He was like a part of her mind that was constantly on fire, like a phantom limb that would never go away. Not even writing in her diary would help tonight. All she could write about were painfully tantalizing memories of the good times she and Stefan had shared together. How good it had been when she could just turn her head and know that she would see him – what a privilege that had been! And now it was gone, and in its place was racking confusion, guilt, and anxiety. What was happening to him, right now, when she no longer had the privilege of turning her head and seeing him? Were they†¦hurting him? Oh, God, if only†¦ If only I had made him lock all the windows to his room at the boardinghouse†¦ If only I had been more suspicious of Damon†¦ If only I had guessed he had something on his mind that last night†¦ If only†¦if only†¦ It became a pounding refrain in time to her heart. She found herself breathing in sobs, her eyes tightly shut, clutching the rhythm to her and clenching her fists. If I keep feeling this way – if I let it crush me enough – I’ll become an infinitesimal point in space. I’ll be crushed into nothingness – and even that will be better than needing him so much. Elena lifted up her head†¦and stared down at her head, resting on her diary. She gasped. Once more her first reaction was to imagine death. And then, slowly, because she was stupefied by so many tears, she realized that she’d done it again. She was out of her body. This time she wasn’t even aware of a conscious decision about where to go. She was flying, so fast that she couldn’t tell which way she was going. It was as if she were being pulled, as if she were the tail of a comet that was rapidly shooting downward. At one point she realized with familiar horror that she was passing through things, and then she was veering as if she were the end of the whip in a game of Crack the Whip and then she was catapulted into Stefan’s cell. She was still sobbing as she landed in the cell, unsure of whether she had solid form or gravity, and uncaring for the moment. The only thing she had time to see was Stefan, very thin but smiling in his sleep and then she was dumped onto him, into him, and still crying as she bounced, as lightly as a feather, and Stefan woke. â€Å"Oh, can’t you let me sleep for a few minutes in peace?† Stefan snapped, and added a couple of Italian words that Elena had never had reason to hear before. Elena had an immediate fit of the Bonnies, sobbing so hard that she couldn’t listen to – couldn’t even hear – any comfort that was on offer. They were doing horrible things to him, and they were using her image, Elena’s, to do them. It was all too awful. They were conditioning Stefan to hate her. She hated herself. Everyone in the whole world hated her – â€Å"Elena! Elena, don’t cry, love!† Dully, Elena lifted herself up, getting a brief anatomical view of Stefan’s chest before she was sobbing again, trying to wipe her nose on Stefan’s prison uniform, which looked as if it could only be improved by anything she might do to it. She couldn’t, of course; just as she couldn’t feel the arm that was trying to encircle her gently. She hadn’t brought her body with her. But she had, somehow, brought her tears, and a cold, cable-wire-tough voice inside herself said, Don’t waste them, idiot! Use those tears. If you’re going to sob, sob over his face or his hands. And, by the way, everyone hates you. Even Matt hates you, and Matt likes everybody, the tiny cruel, productive voice went on and Elena gave way to a fresh gale of sobbing, absently noting the effect of each teardrop. Each drop turned the white skin under it pink and the color spread in ripples outward, as if Stefan were a pool, and she was resting on him, water on water. Except that her tears were falling so fast that it looked like a rainstorm on Wickery Pond. And that only made her think about the time that Matt had fallen into the pond, trying to rescue a little girl who had fallen through the ice, and how Matt hated her now. â€Å"Don’t, oh don’t; don’t, lovely love,† Stefan begged, so sincerely that anyone would have believed he meant it. But how could he? Elena knew what she must look like, face swollen and blotched by tears: no â€Å"lovely love† here! And he’d have to be mad to want her to stop crying: the teardrops were giving him new life wherever they touched his skin – and perhaps the storm inside him had done best, because his telepathic voice was strong and sure. Elena, forgive me – oh, God, just give me one moment with her! Just a single moment! I can bear anything then, even the true death. Just one moment to touch her! And perhaps God did look down for a moment in pity. Elena’s lips were hovering over, quivering over, Stefan’s, as if she could somehow steal a kiss like this as she used to when he was still asleep. But for just an instant it seemed to Elena that she felt warm flesh below hers and the flick of Stefan’s lashes against her eyelids as his eyes flew open in surprise. Instantly they both froze, eyes wide open, neither of them foolish enough to move in the slightest. But Elena couldn’t help herself, as the flush of warmth from Stefan’s lips sent a flush of warmth through her entire body. She melted into the kiss, and, while keeping her body carefully in the same position, felt her gaze go unfocused and her eyelids close. As her lashes swept against something with substance, the moment swept quietly to an end. Elena had two choices: she could shriek and rail telepathically at Il Signore for only giving them what Stefan had asked for, or she could gather her courage and smile and maybe comfort Stefan. Her better nature won out and when Stefan opened his eyes, she was leaning over him, pretending to be resting on her elbows and his chest, and smiling at him as she tried to straighten out her hair. Relieved, Stefan smiled back at her. It was as if he could bear anything, as long as she was unhurt. â€Å"Now, Damon would have been practical,† she teased him. â€Å"He would have kept me crying, because in the end, his health would be the most important thing. And he’d have prayed for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused and finally began laughing, which made Stefan smile. â€Å"I have no idea,† Elena said finally. â€Å"I don’t think Damon prays.† â€Å"Probably not,† Stefan said. â€Å"When we were young – and human – the town priest walked with a cane that he seemed to enjoy using on young delinquent boys more than as a source of support.† Elena thought of the delicate child chained to the huge and heavy boulder of secrets. Was religion one of the things locked away, put behind doors closed one after another in secret there, like a chambered nautilus until almost everything he cared about was inside? She didn’t ask that of Stefan. Instead, she said, lowering her â€Å"voice† to the tiniest telepathic whisper, the barest disturbance of neurons in Stefan’s receptive brain: What other practical things can you think of that Damon might have thought of? Things relating to a jailbreak? â€Å"Well†¦for a jailbreak? The first thing I can think of is for you to know your way around the city. I was brought here blindfolded but since they don’t have the power to take the curse off vampires and make them human, I still had all my senses. I’d say it’s a city about the size of New York and Los Angeles combined.† â€Å"Big city,† Elena noted, taking notes in her head. â€Å"But fortunately the only bits that would interest us are in the southwestern section. The city’s supposed to be ruled by the Guardians – but they’re from the Other Side and the demons and vampires here long ago realized that people were more afraid of them than the Guardians. It’s set up now with about twelve to fifteen feudal castles or estates, and each of those estates has control of a considerable amount of land outside the city. They grow their own unique products and sell them in deals made here. For instance, it’s the vampires who cultivate Clarion Loess Black Magic.† â€Å"I see,† said Elena, who had no idea what he was talking about, except the Black Magic wine. â€Å"But all we really need to know is how to get to the Shi no Shi – your prison.† â€Å"That’s true. Well, the easiest way would be to find the kitsune sector. The Shi no Shi is a cluster of buildings, with the largest one – the one without a top, although it’s curved, and you may not be able to tell from the ground – â€Å" â€Å"The one that looks like a coliseum?† Elena interrupted eagerly. â€Å"I get a sort of bird’s-eye view of the city whenever I come here.† â€Å"Well, the thing that looks like a coliseum is a coliseum.† Stefan smiled. He really smiled; he’s feeling well enough to smile, now, Elena rejoiced, but silently. â€Å"So to get you in and out, we just head from below the coliseum to the gate back to our world,† Elena said. â€Å"But to get you free there are – some things we need to collect – and those are probably going to be in different parts of the city.† She tried to remember if she had ever described the twin fox key to Stefan or not. It was probably better not to do it if she hadn’t already done it. â€Å"Then I’d hire a native guide,† Stefan said immediately. â€Å"I don’t really know anything about the city, except what the guards tell me – and I’m not sure if I would trust them. But the little people – the ordinary ones – will probably know the things you want to know.† â€Å"That’s a good idea,† Elena said. She drew invisible designs with a transparent finger on his chest. â€Å"I think Damon really plans to do everything he can to help us.† â€Å"I honor him for coming,† Stefan said, as if he were thinking things out. â€Å"He’s keeping his promise, isn’t he?† Elena nodded. Deep, deep in her consciousness floated the thoughts: His word to me that he would take care of you. His word to you that he would take care of me. Damon always keeps his word. â€Å"Stefan,† she said, again in the innermost recesses of his mind, where she could share information – she hoped – in secret, â€Å"you should have seen him, really. When I did Wings of Redemption and every bad thing that had hardened him or made him cruel came undone. And when I did Wings of Purification and all the stone covering his soul came away in chunks†¦. I don’t think you could imagine how he was. He was so perfect – and so new. And later when he cried†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena could feel inside Stefan three layers of emotion succeed one another almost instantaneously. Disbelief that Damon could cry, despite all that Elena had been telling him. Then, belief and astonishment as he absorbed her pictures and her memories. And finally, the need to console her as she stared at a Damon forever trapped in penitence. A Damon that would never exist again. â€Å"He saved you,† whispered Elena, â€Å"but he wouldn’t save himself. He wouldn’t even bargain with Shinichi and Misao. He just let them take all his memories of that time.† â€Å"Maybe it hurt too much.† â€Å"Yes,† said Elena, deliberately lowering her barriers so that Stefan could feel the hurt that the new and perfect creature she’d created had felt upon learning that he had committed acts of cruelty and treachery that – well, that would make the strongest soul flinch. â€Å"Stefan? I think he must feel very lonely.† â€Å"Yes, angel. I think you’re right.† This time Elena thought a good deal longer before venturing, â€Å"Stefan? I’m not sure he understands what it’s like to be loved.† And while he thought out his response, she was on tenterhooks. Then he said very softly, very slowly again, â€Å"Yes, angel. I think you’re right.† Oh, she did love him. He always understood. And he was always most brave and gallant and trusting just when she needed him to be. â€Å"Stefan? Can I stay again tonight?† â€Å"Is it nighttime, lovely love? You can stay – unless They come to take me somewhere.† All at once Stefan was very solemn, holding her gaze. â€Å"But if They come – you’ll promise me to leave then, won’t you?† Elena looked straight into his green eyes and said, â€Å"If that’s what you want, I’ll promise.† â€Å"Elena? Do you†¦do you keep your promises or not?† Suddenly, he sounded very sleepy, but the right kind of sleepy, not worn out, but someone who has been refreshed and is being lulled into a perfect slumber. â€Å"I keep them close to me,† Elena whispered. But I keep you closer, she thought. If someone came to hurt him, they would find out what a bodiless opponent could do. For instance, what if she just reached inside their bodies and managed to make contact for an instant? Long enough to squeeze a heart between her pretty white fingers? That would be something. â€Å"I love you, Elena. I’m so glad†¦we kissed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s not the last time! You’ll see! I swear it!† She dropped new healing tears down on him. Stefan just smiled gently. And then he was asleep. In the morning Elena woke up in her grand bedroom in Lady Ulma’s house, alone. But she had another memory, like a pressed rose, to put away in its own special place inside her. And somewhere, deep in her heart, she knew that these memories might be all she had of Stefan someday. She could imagine that these sweet-scented, fragile mementoes would be something to hold on to and cherish – if Stefan never came home. How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 24, Essay examples

Introduction to Marketing and Current Marketing Issues

Question: Describe the introduction to marketing? Answer: Consumer Buying Behaviour Consumer buying behaviour refers to the process which a consumer follows to search, select, buy, use and disown a product or service in a way that satisfies his needs and wants. Consumer buying behaviour is greatly influenced by social, cultural, personal and psychological factors. Study of consumer buying behaviour is essential for marketers as it forms the base for all their marketing strategies. The selected article analyses the shift in consumer behaviour over the past 10 years. It talks about how consumers today have converted themselves into hyper active multi taskers trying to take out the 25th hour from a 24 hours regular day (Chawla, 2014). Industry today witnesses a huge shift in consumers attitude and preferences from what they were a decade ago. It informs how consumer today has taken a lead in expressing beauty in their own ways. They select brands that allow self-expression and support them in creating their own style. Today consumers have a high spending power as compared to consumers a few decades ago how were born in scarcity. Today consumers have become more health conscious and so want to know what they are consuming. As more and more women are entering the corporate world the concept of work outsourcing has also entered the kitchens. Thus, this article in a very engaging way brings out the factors that are affecting consumer buying behaviour of new generation of consumers. Pricing Strategy Developing a pricing strategy involved setting prices to be offered for the products and services. Organisations can select from cost-based pricing strategy, customer-based pricing strategy and competitor based pricing strategy. The selected article focuses on how explaining the cost involved in producing a product can actually help increasing its sales (Gerdeman, 2014). When pricing strategies are developed it focuses on not informing the customer about the cost actually spent to produce the product. However a recent research has revealed that informing the customer about the cost involved in producing the product helps attracting customers. It says that by unpacking the cost of the product marketers can effectively communicate the efforts they have taken to put together the products and services for the customer. It is a kind of customer-based pricing strategy wherein the company tries to develop an emotional relationship with the customer. This pricing strategy is found to be very effective as customers are found to be more attracted to brands that disclose intimate information. This article informs the retailers that pricing strategy is one of the key force that makes a product successful and must always be formulated keeping consumer needs in mind. Market Channel Strategy and Management Marketing channels refer to the ways in which good and services are made available to the consumer for use. Effective market channel strategy and management is essential for spreading the desired message to target audience. Personal selling, social media, sales promotions, public relations are some of common ways of delivering intended message to end customers. The selected article analyses how multi-channel marketing played a vital role in US Presidential elections (Chung Zhang, 2014). It compares the effectiveness of mass media advertising also referred to as air war and targeted personal selling called as ground game during the US Presidential elections. The article conducts an in-depth analysis of how these channels of marketing very used to influence voters decisions. It show how important are political campaigns in determining the results of an election. It talks about how marketers can effectively use different marketing channels to promote their products and services effectively to their customers. Though it is a short article based on a research study it is interesting to see how well-defined marketing channel strategies and their effective management help motivating consumer buying behaviour whatever may be the type of product or service. Market Research Market research is an organised process that helps marketers in gathering detailed information about their customers and target markets. It forms an important element of business strategy and serves as a base for formulation of marketing strategies. The selected article analyses how rebranding has become a top priority for market research agencies (Davison, 2014). It is an interesting article that speaks about the importance of marketing research for businesses that provide market research services. It is highly engaging as it brings out weak areas of market research agencies and informs how important it has become for them to indulge in extensive market research to achieve desired goals. It emphasizes on the need for adopting a more colourful appearance that show how vibrant, fast-changing and dynamic the industry is. Industry no more needs brands that are grey and generic instead it is looking for new ideas, new thinking and new technology. This article in the simplest way brings out the important for indulging in extensive market research before developing marketing strategies. Whatever may be the area of business market research is essential for development of a successful marketing plan. References Chawla, D., (2014) Now then: Shifts in consumer behaviour over the last 10 years. [Online] Available at: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-05/news/55797958_1_food-bazaar-consumers-devendra-chawla [Accessed 2015]. Chung, D. J. Zhang, L., (2014) The Air War versus The Ground Game: An Analysis of Multi-Channel Marketing in US Presidential Elections. [Online] Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/7671.html [Accessed 2015]. Davison, L., (2014) Marketing research needs to rebrand itself. [Online] Available at: https://www.quirks.com/articles/2014/20141126-3.aspx [Accessed 2015]. Gerdeman, D., (2014) Deconstructing the Price Tag. [Online] Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/7644.html [Accessed 2015].

Michelangelo Buonarrotti Essays - Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo

Michelangelo Buonarrotti Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarrotti, although considered by many a Florentine, was actually born in Caprese, Italy in 1475. Michelangelo was an inspired artist of the Renaissance period. He and Leonardo DaVinci were considered to be the two greatest figures of this highly artistic movement. Michelangelo was a highly versatile artist and was involved in sculpting, architecture, painting, and even poetry. .At the age of 13, he was apprenticed to Domenico Ghirlandaio, who at the time was painting a chapel in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Here, the young Michelangelo learned the technique of fresco (painting on fresh plaster before it dries); He would use this technique many years later in his work in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. At the age of fifteen, Michelangelo began to spend time in the home and in the gardens of Lorenzo de' Medici, where he studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni. It was during this time that he completed the Madonna of the Stairs and the Battle of the Ce ntaurs. The political climate in Florence following the death of Lorenzo de' Medici may have led Michelangelo to leave the city, going first to Bologna and, after a brief return to Florence, to Rome. In Rome, he carved the Bacchus and then the Piet? which is in St. Peter's basilica in Rome. Michelangelo returned to Florence where he began work on the David. Called the Giant by his fellow Florentines, this statue was completed in 1504. Later that year, Michelangelo was commissioned to undertake a fresco of the Battle of the Cascina, a work that was unfortunately later destroyed. During this same time period, Michelangelo produced several Madonnas; including the painting the Holy Family (also known as the Doni Madonna), a statue of the Madonna and Child (called the Bruges Madonna) which was purchased by a Flemish merchant and is now in Bruges, and two marble reliefs, the Taddei tondo and the Pitti tondo. Michelangelo was called to Rome by Pope Julius II to create a tomb for him which was to contain forty lifesize figures, an endeavor that was never fully realized. In 1508, Michelangelo began work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes, a task that would occupy him until 1512. Upon completing the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo returned to the work on Julius' tomb, completing the figure of Moses and leaving unfinished two Slaves. Following Julius' death in 1513, he worked for Pope Leo X, Lorenzo de' Medici's son. At the Medici family's parish church in Florence, San Lorenzo, Michelangelo created tombs for Giuliano and Lorenzo de' Medici (II) and designed the Laurentian library, an annex to San Lorenzo. In 1534, Michelangelo left Florence for Rome, where he was to spend the remainder of his life. He returned to the Sistine Chapel where he created the Last Judgment, another fresco, on the end wall. He designed the dome for St. Peter's and the Capitoline Square. He also worked on the Palazzo Farnese. His last paintings were the frescoes of the Conversion of St. Paul and the Crucifixion of St. Peter in the Pauline Chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo died on February 18, 1564. Michelangelo established himself as one of the great artists of all time through his various artistic abilities. Not only was Michelangelo Buonarrotti a fantastic painter as he showed through his masterpiece on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, but many thought that his greatest artistic achievements were his sculptures. He was a man of many talents and will go down in history as one of the greatest and most versatile visionaries of all time. Arts and Paintings Michelangelo Buonarrotti Essays - Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarrotti Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarrotti, although considered by many a Florentine, was actually born in Caprese, Italy in 1475. Michelangelo was an inspired artist of the Renaissance period. He and Leonardo DaVinci were considered to be the two greatest figures of this highly artistic movement. Michelangelo was a highly versatile artist and was involved in sculpting, architecture, painting, and even poetry. .At the age of 13, he was apprenticed to Domenico Ghirlandaio, who at the time was painting a chapel in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Here, the young Michelangelo learned the technique of fresco (painting on fresh plaster before it dries); He would use this technique many years later in his work in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. At the age of fifteen, Michelangelo began to spend time in the home and in the gardens of Lorenzo de' Medici, where he studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni. It was during this time that he completed the Madonna of the Stairs and the Battle of the Ce ntaurs. The political climate in Florence following the death of Lorenzo de' Medici may have led Michelangelo to leave the city, going first to Bologna and, after a brief return to Florence, to Rome. In Rome, he carved the Bacchus and then the Piet? which is in St. Peter's basilica in Rome. Michelangelo returned to Florence where he began work on the David. Called the Giant by his fellow Florentines, this statue was completed in 1504. Later that year, Michelangelo was commissioned to undertake a fresco of the Battle of the Cascina, a work that was unfortunately later destroyed. During this same time period, Michelangelo produced several Madonnas; including the painting the Holy Family (also known as the Doni Madonna), a statue of the Madonna and Child (called the Bruges Madonna) which was purchased by a Flemish merchant and is now in Bruges, and two marble reliefs, the Taddei tondo and the Pitti tondo. Michelangelo was called to Rome by Pope Julius II to create a tomb for him which was to contain forty lifesize figures, an endeavor that was never fully realized. In 1508, Michelangelo began work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes, a task that would occupy him until 1512. Upon completing the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo returned to the work on Julius' tomb, completing the figure of Moses and leaving unfinished two Slaves. Following Julius' death in 1513, he worked for Pope Leo X, Lorenzo de' Medici's son. At the Medici family's parish church in Florence, San Lorenzo, Michelangelo created tombs for Giuliano and Lorenzo de' Medici (II) and designed the Laurentian library, an annex to San Lorenzo. In 1534, Michelangelo left Florence for Rome, where he was to spend the remainder of his life. He returned to the Sistine Chapel where he created the Last Judgment, another fresco, on the end wall. He designed the dome for St. Peter's and the Capitoline Square. He also worked on the Palazzo Farnese. His last paintings were the frescoes of the Conversion of St. Paul and the Crucifixion of St. Peter in the Pauline Chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo died on February 18, 1564. Michelangelo established himself as one of the great artists of all time through his various artistic abilities. Not only was Michelangelo Buonarrotti a fantastic painter as he showed through his masterpiece on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, but many thought that his greatest artistic achievements were his sculptures. He was a man of many talents and will go down in history as one of the greatest and most versatile visionaries of all time. Arts and Paintings

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Example

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Example Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essay Part 1 ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gross domestic product (GDP) – GDP is the total market value of all final services and goods produced in a given year in a given country. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Real GDP – Real GDP is the result of the production activity within a given country at a specific years prices. If one compares two or more periods of time using the same year’s prices for goods and services then the result is a purchasing power comparison as seen over time. This happens because the inflation effects have been mitigated by using constant prices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nominal GDP – Nominal GDP is simply GDP that has not been adjusted for inflation. Nominal GDP does not reflect purchasing power but does show how an economy has expanded and contracted in dollars. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unemployment rate – The most basic definition of an unemployment rate is those people who are unemployed but are actively seeking work and willing to work. It is typically expressed in the form of a percentage. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inflation rate – inflation is usually expressed in an annual percentage and is the price increase for goods and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interest rate – An interest rate is the percentage of the principal funds that is charged and paid for the use of money. It is expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR) for loans and annual percentage yield (APY) for interest earned. Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees, or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from one entity to another and back again. Those entities cover government, businesses, and households. How those resources ebb and flow will differ with each situation and have an impact in a â€Å"trickle-down† effect from the government to businesses and finally to households. Decrease in Taxes When the Government decides to reduce taxes, the tax typically assumed to see the reduction is the income tax. â€Å"According to the  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), approximately 43% of tax revenues are generated through this tax. Personal income taxes are levied against income, interest, dividends and capital gains, with higher earners generally paying higher tax rates. (Investopedia, 2012) When a tax reduction occurs, the government will collect less taxes which reduces the amount of monies available for entitlement programs. Households can be affected in a couple of different ways. If a household is a higher wage earning household then less taxes can result in more discretionary income to spend at businesses who offer services the household members wish to utilize. If the house hold is lower income the decrease in taxes will increase their income but will adversely affect any entitlement programs in which they may be enrolled. For businesses, the reduction in income tax will affect their businesses per the consumer impact. If there is more discretionary income then more money is available to spend on their goods or services. If there is less discretionary income, then of course, the opposite would be true. Massive Layoff of Employees From a government standpoint and governmental employees, when there is a massive layoff of governmental employees, historically, there has not been more than a ripple in the unemployment rate overall. A 1995 survey and a subsequent 1999 follow up to municipalities in Illinois found that the average amount of people still unemployed after a governmental layoff was only 3. 8%. (Reason Foundation, 2012) From a governmental employee standpoint, there is not a large scale economic impact which means that the majority of affected governmental workers will still have income to spend at businesses and for their household needs. When private sector businesses have a massive layoff occur, they are required by Federal law to notify the affected employees 60 days in advance. The employees have an opportunity to look for other jobs in that timeframe, however, resources will begin to be held back by the households in the case of long term unemployment which will in turn cause business who offer the good and services to the affected families to experience a decrease in sales. Purchasing of Groceries Groceries are an inelastic product. People will purchase food regardless of the price because they need to eat. When a household purchases groceries, and pays a higher price for them in one grocery store versus another, the business which earned the opportunity for the sale will benefit. The government does not benefit from a tax standpoint on non-processed foods. Processed foods, however, are taxable; which is a benefit to the government. The Government may also pay a producer not to produce a food so as to stabilize the market. A couple of examples of this situation are in the commodities of rice and wheat. Producers are paid not to plant as much so the market price of the end product is stabilized. In fact, those producers are paid not to produce so there is no loss of income to those households. Conclusion Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their income taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from government, businesses, and households. Resource flow also has an ebb phase. The entire cycle is driven by an almost an amazing number of determinants. These determinants all have an effect on the final outcome as to where and how the Government, businesses, and households use their finite resources. References Richard Coultier, Do Tax Cuts Stimulate the Economy? (June 23, 2010) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from investopedia. com/articles/07/tax_cuts. asp#axzz1kIPnIgcg The Reason Foundation, Privatization and Layoffs (March 1, 2001) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http://reason. org/news/show/privatization-and-layoffs

How Odds Are Related to Probability

How Odds Are Related to Probability Many times the odds of an event occurring are posted. For example, one might say that a particular sports team is a 2:1 favorite to win the big game. What many people do not realize is that odds such as these are really just a restatement of the probability of an event. Probability compares the number of successes to the total number of attempts made. The odds in favor of an event compares the number of successes to the number of failures.  In what follows, we will see what this means in greater detail. First, we consider a little notation. Notation for Odds We express our odds as a ratio of one number to another. Typically we read ratio A:B as A to B. Each number of these ratios can be multiplied by the same number. So the odds 1:2 is equivalent to saying 5:10. Probability to Odds Probability can be carefully defined using set theory and a few axioms, but the basic idea is that probability uses a real number between zero and one to measure the likelihood of an event occurring. There are a variety of ways to think about how to compute this number. One way is to think about performing an experiment several times. We count the number of times that the experiment is successful and then divide this number by the total number of trials of the experiment. If we have A successes out of a total of N trials, then the probability of success is A/N. But if we instead consider the number of successes versus the number of failures, we are now calculating the odds in favor of an event. If there were N trials and A successes, then there were N - A B failures. So the odds in favor are A to B. We can also express this as A:B. An Example of Probability to Odds In the past five seasons, crosstown football rivals the Quakers and the Comets have played each other with the Comets winning twice and the Quakers winning three times. On the basis of these outcomes, we can calculate the probability the Quakers win and the odds in favor of their winning. There was a total of three wins out of five, so the probability of winning this year is 3/5 0.6 60%. Expressed in terms of odds, we have that there were three wins for the Quakers and two losses, so the odds in favor of them winning are 3:2. Odds to Probability The calculation can go the other way. We can start with odds for an event and then derive its probability. If we know that the odds in favor of an event are A to B, then this means that there were A successes for A B trials. This means that the probability of the event is A/(A B ). An Example of Odds to Probability A clinical trial reports that a new drug has odds of 5 to 1 in favor of curing a disease. What is the probability that this drug will cure the disease? Here we say that for every five times that the drug cures a patient, there is one time where it does not. This gives a probability of 5/6 that the drug will cure a given patient. Why Use Odds? Probability is nice, and gets the job done, so why do we have an alternate way to express it? Odds can be helpful when we want to compare how much larger one probability is relative to another. An event with a probability 75% has odds of 75 to 25. We can simplify this to 3 to 1. This means that the event is three times more likely to occur than not occur.

IMRD RESEARCH PAPER (McDonalds) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

IMRD (McDonalds) - Research Paper Example It helps eradicate all chronic disease like diabetes through eating the right food. People should be ready for jogging mostly at the morning to avoid obesity. The disease is associated with heart attacks. This Keeps people in good shape, Regardless of Mc Donald’s being the community based company, it should consider the health factor of the people not only the profits. As the most bigly and formally known in the community, it should come up with booklet advising the community the significant of good meal but not to ruin their life by making them food addicts. By the company so doing health will be stabilized through feeding ourselves with good food. Most of the children are overweight or obese, this is caused with parent feeding their children in fats and a lot of food staff which is overwhelming the fridge and all store in the house. Parent should consider the food thy give their children. Not only to buy sweet and sugary food. People have to consider the benefit of the food they buy for their children. Mc Donald’s have been criticized for not selling standardized food for the children making them nearly one third of America children are fat. This has attracted attention in the nation from healthy professional, parent to consumer. As attention is centered with many people, it has forced the company to come up with sugar free juice like apple dipper. Most of the company customers are children who come to eat their as the company claim to raise more money for food. This will chase their client as many young people and children cannot afford to buy food there. This will make the company less competitive; therefore, it will be out of market and losing some of its customer hence going loss. The companies don’t want to lose its sale through rising of price. Many people were insulated that the company does not provide quality food which is harmful; to consumer and children that why it’s selli ng very cheap their food. Since the

Business Diversity Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Diversity - Case Study Example While cultivating to make improvements in business marginal returns, Fresh food has faced several challenges including ethnicity. This has been illustrated by Vivian’s sentiments accepting that she is likely to face ethnic challenges while settling in Phoenix. The business also faces communication barrier because Vivian is considering-employing translators to help aid the purchases at Phoenix, which is perceived to be dominated by different racial communities. Despite the fact that fresh food faces numerous problems as stated above, the business has done its best to stock variety of food thus represent a divergent culture. Moreover, the business principal mandate is based on good communication as a way of ensuring customers sustainability. The organizational arrangements to deliver freely to disabled members of the society is a clear illustration how it respects the dignity of members of the society (Hellriegel &Slocum, 2007). Fresh food having embraced diversity as one of its strengths gets the potential to capture broader market margin. This clearly indicates that the business is targeting a bigger population hence capable of getting higher returns. In addition, the issue of diversity is also an indication of societal representation. This put the business at the highest end of achieving its competitive edge. However, diversity calls for additional costs in terms of hiring professionals. For instance, for Vivian to translators at Arizona she would need an additional overhead cost (Golembiewski, 1995). To get a noble workforce, Vivian’s recruitment procedure entail understanding the environment as this would help her to relate well with the society. Secondly, she should consider candidates for interviews mainly from Arizona. After getting adequate number, she can proceed and put them on probation, as this would help her in identifying the right personnel who can deliver as per

Rhetorical Analysis on Jfks Speech Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis on Jfks Speech Essay On august 28, 1963, a civil right activist Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his most famous speech called â€Å"I Have a Dream† during the march on Washington. In his speech, Dr. King used many literary elements in order to enhance his speech. He included allusion, metaphors, personification and tropes such as anaphora, alliteration and rhetoric question. Dr. Martin Luther King began his speech with a personifications and metaphors. The first personification he used to describe what it was like to live as an African American during the 1900’s. He stated â€Å"One hundred years later the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination,† which means the African American (Negro) were handcuffed by the segregation and no matter what they do or how smart they are, they will never be able to escape segregation and they are chained by the discrimination. This discrimination won’t let them do what they are capable of doing. The metaphor is used in the speech to compare the African Race to a bad check, â€Å"insufficient fund.† When the slavery ended in America, the African American hoped to cash the check of freedom, when the magnificent words flow from the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, but instead to honoring the words, American gave the African the â€Å"bad check† which eventually come back as insufficient fund. As the speech goes on, he used a paradox to show the contradiction. This quote, â€Å"I have dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:’ we hold these truths to be elf-evident: that all men are created equal,’† is a perfect example of paradox because in the constitution, its states that all men are created equal and even though the constitution is consider to be the supreme law of the land, people chose to ignore it. He used anaphora to emphasize that he dreams about, to live in American without the segregation and the hostile feeling between the White and the African American. The use of rhetoric question, help readers and listeners to think of their own answer. In the speech, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his own Rhetoric question and his answer to the question. â€Å"When will you be satisfied?† he asked, and he answered â€Å"we can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality,† he would never be satisfied until the African American  and White hold hands and recite the National Anthem. Adding the subtle or an obvious element can improve any piece of writing tremendously. They can give the text that hunting feeling, where the goosebumps start crawling into your skins. The elements used in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech helped the speech into becoming one of the most influential speech written in the world.

Plato :: essays research papers

Since the human beings came together and began to live communities, necessities to be administrated became the most important subject for human kind. There were said many things on this issue; there have been put many claims and interpretations on well, just and equal administration by many philosophers. They searched for the best administration that will guide people equally, just and well; that will provide sustainability, peace and prosperity between communities. In fact there are many forms of government that operating in the world. These regimes/forms of government are born from the characters of people who live in them and who are governed by them. It is necessary to mention something about Plato’s general theory in order to understand him very well. First of all Plato’s Republic is about a method of doing political philosophy. It is a systematic sustained treatence of issues, issues of just society, issues about state, issues about individual. These are all public things. He wanted to find an ultimate meaning of all these things; why they exist, how they should exist. He wanted to find absolute answer for these. So in this sense Plato’s Republic reaches old and known conclusion of major interests in their own right. His Republic provides epistemological and metaphysical combination for his political theory. According to Plato, a political society constitutes a natural whole that is own kind of excellent and well being. It means that society creates an aggregation individual, something more than that, and it has a natural existence. Individual and society can be defined as a unity and according to Plato a society and an individual are so similar that each has a proper and set of virtues. So for Plato, the character, opinion like attitudes of an individual are the product of society, and the individual has no existence without society. They imitate the society, if a society is right/just, the individual is right/just. Individuals drive their ability from society and they are trained in that way. According to Plato, the understanding of justice is about societal needs, which are common to all members of society. So society can satisfy members’ needs efficiently by dividing their labours. So people are born with their skills and virtues according to Plato. They would know these skill s and virtues when they grow up. If they are not fit for forming they should not do that. This is why importance/role of education come to discover each person’s skills.

A sad lonely day

I could hear the ripples in the water. Tried to skip rocks through the water, but all I could think about was you. How It was a very sad and lonely day. One day I thought about the trees and the flowers, but of course you'd pop up again. I always thought that life would be possible without you. The more I think about it; the more that dream seems to be impossible. I hate this life I live because school nor life could ever be as good as you were. You were the inspiration that kept me going in school that made me try and now that you're gone I not know what to do with my life anymore.I hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help Is with my History class, but that can't even seem to be close to being done since all you do now a days Is Ignore me, The water was quiet so quiet that I could hear the ripples in the water. I tried to skip rocks through the water, but all I could think about was you. How it was a very sad and lonely day. One day I thought about the trees a nd the flowers, but of course you'd pop up again. I always thought that life would be possible without you.The more I think about it; the more that dream seems to be Impossible. I hate this life I live because school nor life could ever be as good as you were. You were the Inspiration that kept me going In school that made me try and now that you're gone I don't know what to do with my life anymore. I hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help is with my History class, but that can't even seem to be close to being done since all you do now a days is ignore me. The water was quiet so quiet that I could hear the ripples in the water.I tried to skip rocks through the water, but all I could think about was you. How it was a very sad and lonely day. One day I thought about the trees and the flowers, but of course you'd pop up again, I always thought that life would be possible without you. The more I think about it; the more that dream seems to be Impossible. I hate this life I live because school nor life could ever be as good as you were. You were the inspiration that kept me going in school that made me try and now that you're gone I don't know what to do with my life anymore.I hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help is with my History class, but that can't even seem to be close to being done since all you do now a days is ignore me. The water was quiet so quiet that I could hear the ripples In the water. I tried to skip rocks through the water, but all I could think about was you. How it was a very sad and lonely day. One day I thought about the trees and the flowers, but of course you'd pop up again. I always thought that life would be possible without you.The more I think about it; the more that dream seems to be impossible. I hate this life I live because school nor life could ever be as good as you were. You were the inspiration that kept me going in school that made me try and now that you're gone I don't know w hat to do with my life anymore. Hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help Is with my History class, but that can't even seem to be close to being done since all you do now but of course you'd pop up again.I always thought that life would be possible diet so quiet that I could hear the ripples in the water. I tried to skip rocks through school that made me try and now that you're gone I don't know what to do with my life anymore. I hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help is with my without you. The more I think about it; the more that dream seems to be impossible. I you're gone I don't know what to do with my life anymore. I hate the fact that I don't know this and all I really need help is with my History class, but that can't even seem a days is ignore me.

A religious or moral issue Essay

Analyse and explain the way in which a religious or moral issue of concern to Christians has been dealt with in a television soap opera The moral issue that I have chosen to follow is adultery, which is when a married person has voluntary sexual intercourse with other married or not married people, rather than his or her spouse. The reason I have chosen this moral issue is because it is part of everyday life, many people are doing it and are not taking notice of the hurt and pain they are causing. I have chosen Eastenders for my soap opera, because it is a popular soap and the moral issue adultery is shown, through Natalie and Ricky’s affair. Christians have a strong view on adultery, they believe that you should keep sexual intercourse for marriage because it makes it part of a religious or spiritual contact and it makes it dependant on a commitment to spend the rest of your life with someone, also â€Å"Do not commit adultery† is one of the ten commandments, so Christians are totally against adultery. The main characters involved were Ricky, Natalie, Pat and Barry. The storyline begins with, Ricky and his son Liam coming back to the square after a few years away. After a few weeks Ricky is starting to settle down and he is renting a flat with Sam Mitchell his ex-wife, Natalie and Ricky are friends at this point. After a while Natalie realizes she still loves Ricky, her first love, and starts meeting up with him secretly and has sexual intercourse with him. Natalie makes up excuses saying that she’s working overtime and during her lunch breaks when she’s really meeting up with Ricky. One night Pat sees Ricky picking up Natalie from round the corner from their house. The next morning Pat confronts Natalie about what she saw and tells her to end it but Natalie starts crying and says that she still loves Ricky, but Pat tells Natalie about her own love life and that she would be making a big mistake by seeing Ricky. Natalie is still confused and not sure whom she wants to be with. On Ricky’s birthday Natalie stays home and looks after Jack and Liam, Ricky’s son. So Barry, Pat and Roy can go to Ricky’s party soon after they arrive Barry persuades Roy and Pat to go home and baby-sit so Natalie can come to the party. When Natalie arrives she gives Ricky his card and on the back of the envelope Natalie wrote meet me outside the back where she tells him that she is going to leave Barry. Pat and Natalie talk again and Pat shows Natalie the secret tape, which Barry has recorded for Natalie’s birthday it is a really special tape because Barry says how much he loves her, how important she is to him and how happy she makes him feel, after seeing the video Natalie realises that she is doing wrong and tells Ricky it’s over. Natalie realises she can’t forget Ricky and soon their affair is back on and they plan to move away from the square and start afresh. They plan to leave on Natalie’s birthday, Natalie doesn’t even care about the preparations that Barry made for her birthday party in the Vic. They are ready to head off but Ricky’s car has broken down so they have to take the car that Barry bought for Natalie. Barry is still in the Vic waiting for the guest of honour to arrive but Janine knows about Ricky and Natalie and tells Barry. Barry runs outside and sees Natalie driving off but he stops them. Natalie then tells Barry she’s leaving him, Barry takes her into the Vic and shows her what he has organised for her, Natalie runs off to the toilets Barry runs after her and tries o make her change her mind but her minds already made up. Natalie is ready to leave but then Janine tells Natalie that Ricky slept with Sam, Natalie leaves the square only taking her son with her. Barry is left heartbroken, he then finds out that Pat knew about Ricky and Natalie, Pat and Roy end up having an argument about it, Roy has a heart attack and dies. The issue seen was dealt sensitively because the different characters feelings were expressed, although it was Natalie who was having the affair, you could see that not only was it the innocent partner that was confused but the partner which was committing adultery was even more confused, Natalie wasn’t sure who she wanted to be with at some points and was getting very upset over it. Pat tried to help her make the right decision but Natalie didn’t care. This soap opera made the moral issue less appealing, I think that it made people think more about what they are doing is totally wrong. The reason it did not make it more appealing is because it showed all the different circumstances people were left in, Natalie ended it with Ricky because he slept with Sam, Barry was left with no son and no wife, the baby was left with no father, Pat was left as the enemy and homeless because Roy dies and leaves the house to Barry, so the issue was shown well balanced because all the main characters feelings and circumstances were shown, many of the characters were feeling hurt. Overall I think this soap opera has shown adultery to be unpleasant because it shows just how many peoples lives are ruined not just the adultery committers, but people who try to help them understand what they are doing is wrong, but are then given the evil for not telling the truthful partner. So this teaches most viewers that adultery is not a good thing. I don’t think that soap opera’s might affect people’s behaviour because mostly they deal with issues to express the circumstances of good and bad. This issue would not cause offence because although it is an issue, which is happening in everyday life it is not based on particular people.

5 puntos migración de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo

5 puntos migracià ³n de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos hacia los cubanos es, en algunos aspectos, diferente a la que se aplica al resto de nacionalidades y es fruto de la situacià ³n histà ³rica de la Guerra Frà ­a. Se estima que aproximadamente dos millones de cubanos y cubano-americanos residen en Estados Unidos, siendo Florida el estado donde un mayor nà ºmero se concentra. En la actualidad cuando se habla de migracià ³n y cubanos es necesario tener en cuenta 5 puntos: fin de polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, Ley Ajuste Cubano, peticià ³n de asilo en frontera, deportaciones y, finalmente, solicitud de visas no inmigrantes para cubanos que desean visitar temporalmente Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © significa el fin de Pies secos, pies mojados? Por decisià ³n del anterior presidente de Estados Unidos Barack Obama se puso fin a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados que durante aà ±os posibilità ³ a los cubanos emigrar ms fcilmente que otros extranjeros. Esta polà ­tica permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a los cubanos que tocaban suelo estadounidense y al aà ±o iniciar los trmites para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, mientras que, por otro lado, se regresaban a Cuba o se enviaban a un tercer paà ­s a aquellos cubanos interceptados en el mar cuando trataban de llegar a EE.UU. Al mismo tiempo que se cambià ³ esa polà ­tica se puso fin al programa CMPP para trabajadores de sanidad cubanos en programas de trabajo fuera de la Isla. Ley de Ajuste Cubano Por la Ley de Ajuste Cubano de 2 de noviembre de 1966,  las personas de esa nacionalidad ingresaron  legalmente en Estados Unidos pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia mediante un ajuste de estatus, si pueden demostrar una estancia continuada en el paà ­s de un aà ±o y un dà ­a. Para ingresar legalmente se necesita una visa de inmigrante o una de los muchos tipos de visa no inmigrante, es decir, un documento emitido por una embajada o por un consulado de los Estados Unidos. Cubanos y asilo en Estados Unidos Para solicitar asilo en los pasos migratorios de una de las fronteras terrestres, aeropuertos o puertos de los Estados Unidos se pide a los cubanos que cumplan los mismos requisitos que los candidatos de otros paà ­ses. Para el caso de la frontera terrestre que separa EE.UU. y Mà ©xico, desde el 16 de julio de 2019 aplica la obligacià ³n de pedir previamente asilo en al menos un paà ­s por el que se haya transitado antes de llegar a dicha frontera. Para admitirse la solicitud de asilo en el puesto migratorio terrestre de EE.UU. tendr que demostrarse que se ha cumplido con ese requisito y que las autoridades de dicho tercer paà ­s la ha denegado. Ademas, cabe destacar que el asilo solo se aprueba por una de las circunstancias previstas por la ley y el hecho de ser de un paà ­s que es una dictadura o tiene un rà ©gimen comunista no es razà ³n suficiente para que el asilo sea aprobado. Los requisitos que pide la ley es que el solicitante haya sido perseguido o tema ser perseguido si regresa a su paà ­s por una de las siguientes causas: nacionalidad, raza, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un grupo determinado. En la actualidad, un nà ºmero rà ©cord de cubanos que solicitaron asilo en la frontera y que las autoridades estadounidenses consideran que no tienen un buen caso de asilo se encuentran detenidos en prisiones migratorias mientras esperan que se resuelva su caso, lo cual puede demorarse meses. Por otro lado, los cubanos que solicitan el asilo y se les concede un parole para que ingresen al paà ­s pueden seguir en libertad su caso de asilo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, deben solicitar ajuste cubano al aà ±o y dà ­a de ingresar al paà ­s con el parole y cancelar, asà ­, la peticià ³n de asilo. En los aà ±os fiscales 2015 a 2017 –los à ºltimos de los que hay datos publicados por el gobierno– los cubanos no estn entre las diez nacionalidades con mayor nà ºmero de casos de asilo aprobado, tanto en la modalidad afirmativa como en la defensiva. Por à ºltimo, no se debe confundir el asilo con la condicià ³n de refugiado, que es una situacià ³n similar pero distinta y que tiene como condicià ³n imprescindible que la solicitud se realice fuera de EE.UU. y de sus fronteras. El Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas es una de las instituciones que se ocupa de tramitar el papeleo de la condicià ³n de refugiado para cubanos. Cubanos y deportacià ³n Durante dà ©cadas, Estados Unidos no deportaba a los cubanos. La razà ³n principal era la negativa del gobierno castrista de admitir a los cubanos deportados. Sin embargo, actualmente La Habana est admitiendo en su territorio a sus nacionales deportados siempre y cuanto se cumplan ciertas reglas fijadas conjuntamente con Estados Unidos. A consecuencia de ello, en el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal EE.UU. deportà ³ a 436 cubanos. Para evitar la deportacià ³n es altamente recomendable que todos los cubanos que cumplen con los requisitos soliciten la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, lo cual imposibilita la deportacià ³n a Cuba. Visas no inmigrante para cubanos En la actualidad, los Estados Unidos no est emitiendo visas en Cuba a ciudadanos cubanos, quienes deben solicitarlas en una oficina consular estadounidense en un tercer paà ­s como, por ejemplo, Mà ©xico. Asimismo, en estos momentos y por decisià ³n del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump ya no se emiten a los ciudadanos cubanos visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante o intercambio, con validez de cinco aà ±os. Ahora las visas son vlidas para un à ºnico viaje por un mximo de tres meses. Cubanos y migracià ³n EE.UU. No aplica: Pies secos, pies mojados, polà ­tica que permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a todos los cubanos que tocasen suelo estadounidense. Esta polà ­tica dejà ³ de aplicarse el 12 de enero de 2017.No aplica: visas especiales CMPP para personal sanitario cubano en misiones en el exterior. Se dejà ³ de aplicar en misma fecha que Pies secos, pies mojados.Sà ­ aplica: Ley de Ajuste Cubano, que permite a todos los cubanos que ingresan a EE.UU. legalmente solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente al aà ±o y un dà ­a de entrar al paà ­s. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Population Biology Basics

Population Biology Basics Populations are groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region at the same time. Populations, like individual organisms, have unique attributes such as growth rate, age structure, sex ratio, and mortality rate Populations change over time due to births, deaths, and the dispersal of individuals between separate populations. When resources are plentiful and environmental conditions appropriate, populations can increase rapidly. A populations ability to increase at its maximum rate under optimal conditions is called its biotic potential. Biotic potential is represented by the letter r when used in mathematical equations. Keeping the Population in Check In most instances, resources are not unlimited and environmental conditions are not optimal. Climate, food, habitat, water availability, and other factors keep population growth in check due to environmental resistance. The environment can only support a limited number of individuals in a population before some resource runs out or limits the survival of those individuals. The number of individuals that a particular habitat or environment can support is referred to as the carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is represented by the letter K when used in mathematical equations. Growth Characteristics Populations can sometimes be categorized by their growth characteristics. Species whose populations increase until they reach the carrying capacity of their environment and then level off are referred to as K-selected species. Species whose populations increase rapidly, often exponentially, quickly filling available environments, are referred to as r-selected species. Characteristics of K-selected species include: Late maturationFewer, larger youngLonger life spansMore parental careIntense competition for resources Characteristics of r-selected species include: Early maturationNumerous, smaller youngShorter lifespansLess parental careA little competition for resources Population Density Some environmental and biological factors can influence a population differently depending on its density. If population density is high, such factors become increasingly limiting on the success of the population. For example, if individuals are cramped in a small area, the disease may spread faster than it would if population density were low. Factors that are affected by population density are referred to as density-dependent factors. There are also densitys of density-independent factors might include a change in temperature such as an extraordinarily cold or dry winter. Intra-Specific Competition Another limiting factor on populations is intra-specific competition which occurs when individuals within a population compete with one another to obtain the same resources. Sometimes intra-specific competition is direct, for example when two individuals vie for the same food, or indirect, when one individuals action alters and possibly harms the environment of another individual. Populations of animals interact with each other and their environment in a variety of ways. One of the primary interactions a population has with its environment and other populations is due to feeding behavior. Types of Herbivores The consumption of plants as a food source is referred to as herbivory and the animals that do this consuming are called herbivores. There are different types of herbivores. Those that feed on grasses are referred to as grazers. Animals that eat leaves and other portions of woody plants are called browsers, while those that consume fruits, seeds, sap, and pollen are called frugivores. Predators and Prey Populations of carnivorous animals that feed on other organisms are called predators. The populations on which predators feed are called prey. Often, predator and prey populations cycle in a complex interaction. When prey resources are abundant, predator numbers increase until the prey resources wane. When prey numbers drop, predator numbers dwindle as well. If the environment provides adequate refuge and resources for prey, their numbers may again increase and the cycle begins again. Competing Species The concept of competitive exclusion suggests that two species that require identical resources cannot coexist in the same location. The reasoning behind this concept is that one of those two species will be better adapted to that environment and be more successful, to the point of excluding the lesser species from the environment. Yet we find that many species with similar requirements do coexist. Because the environment is varied, competing species can use resources in different ways when competition is intense, thus allowing space for one another. When two interacting species, for example, predator and prey, evolve together, they can influence the evolution of the other. This is referred to as coevolution. Sometimes coevolution results in two species that influence (both positively or negatively) from each other, in a relationship referred to as symbiosis. The various types of symbiosis include: Parasitism: One species (parasite) benefits more than the other species (host).Commensalism: One species benefits while a second species is neither helped nor injured.Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction.

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Constitutional Law - Essay Example The history of constitutional law in the UK goes far back to 1689, the year in which the English Bill of Rights was passed. This bill curtailed the royal family’s legality to superimpose its will on the parliament – its unlawful suspension and imposing taxes through it. The then King William III and Queen Mary took an oath that they would obey the laws enacted by the parliament. The other important laws passed were the 1689 Toleration Act – promoting religious toleration and the 1694 Triennial Act – obstructing the king from dissolving the parliament and upholding of general elections after three years. These laws provide a background on the present sovereign status of British Parliament and its upper hand over English courts. (Magna Carta, 1215 - 1689 English Bill of Rights) (http://www.legalserviceindia.com/constitution/const_uk.htm) Albert Dicey, in his book Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885) has exposed the supremacy of Parliament thus: "Parliament... has... the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament." The implications of this school of thought envisaged the supremacy of parliament to make laws. It provided for the future parliamentarians to override an earlier law and it was a prerogative of the Parliament only to make, amend and formulate new laws. Although the Act of the Union of 1707 created ambiguity regarding its application in Scotland and some members of Scottish jury disagreed with it in principle. It becomes clear in Lord Copper’s judgement in the case MacCormick v. Lord Advocate in 1953. "It is often said that it would be unconstitutional for the United Kingdom Parliament to do certain things, †¦If Parliament chose to do any of them the courts would not hold the Act of Parliament invalid." But the actual picture was quite different. In 2004 when the

Brief Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brief Case analysis - Essay Example Switching cannot be done since Varsity team had an unblemished and recognized physical gain over Junior Varsity boat and could still beat the Junior Varsity team. An essential issue arises as Varsity boat is decelerating down because of employing individuals in the boats. A fundamental query worth noting is whether this was an obligatory undertaking and why it had to happen. No one was a leading light while several others were team disrupters. Rowing on the water as a team is yet another question that arises. What should the two teams do about it? Finally the last issue that arises is whether the army crew team can be likened to an organizational team. The answer is certainly no due to incapability to substitute hastily each of the team members. A good decision needs to be made by evaluating the situation at hand, assessing the different options available and coming up or deciding on a solution that will affect the long-term performance of both teams in a positive way. In regard to promoting junior team to a varsity team, one crucial question arises that needs to be addressed i.e. whether this will have an effect on the performance of the team as a whole and whether the all the junior varsity team members qualify to join the varsity team. Making a wrong decision can heavily impact negatively on the performance of the crew and as a result, special attention has to be given when deciding on this option. The junior team members cannot be promoted to Varsity team. Keeping the members in their original teams and trying to intervene to improve on the performance of both teams seems pleasant as it ensures that both teams add in serious effort towards attaining their key goals and objectives. When it comes to switching a small number of team members of each group, a significant question has to be taken into consideration before making the step i.e. which

Financial problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Financial problem - Assignment Example The mere affect of issuing share capital to general public would be fruitful as it solidifies the legal position of the Company by giving it the status of listed Company, if it chooses this option of finance. Furthermore, the dilution of control of the business would be shared as a result of share issuance to the general public who now become the owner of the Company. With respect to tax effects, the company would be more transparent as now it would directly come under the control of regulatory bodies of the country. However, as a listed Company, now the tax effects would be more on the Company’s part Another option available to meet the Company’s financial needs for business expansions is to acquire a long term loans from any banking or financial institutional channels. As, the company credit standing and financial position is quite strong enough to acknowledge the timely repayment of the loan principal and interest cost, thus, SMT could easily negotiate a loan and its terms from any well reputed financial institutions or banking channels. The legal status of the Company would not be affected as such due to such long term loans as these loans are meant to repay in the upcoming times. Moreover, the dilution of control would not be affected on account of these long term loan because of the same reason and lastly, the tax effects would be reduced on the part of Company as usually the tax authorities allows the interest cost as admissible expense in the tax income calculation. This option might result in huge cash inflows to C and C hydraulic, if considered to take into action. However, the disposal of any of its non profitable or loss incurring business assets would inject some of the cash flows towards the Company, which then strategically utilized to meet business expansion and growth requirements of the Company in an effective and efficient manner. There would be no possible implications on legal status and dilution of

Skins as a Form of Branding Opportunity

Skins as a Form of Branding Opportunity EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study makes an attempt to understand the business of ‘skins and the various ways it can be made a part of Ambient Media to offer more branding opportunities to advertisers. This involves various forms of skins, its multiple applications, and the ways in which it can provide branding opportunities. Skins are the 2nd generation products that can be applied to any external surface and are printed and used for personalizing or branding devices or surfaces. The concept of skinning was introduced in the US 5 years ago. Since then the product has found its way in Europe and South East Asia. The business of skins is at a very nascent stage in India. The scope of this dissertation is to analyze the use of ‘skins, where every surface is brought to surface quite literally, as a medium to interest and engage consumers. With ‘skins, no space is left mundane and dull as long as there is an opportunity to style it and brand it. The research undertaken for this purpose was exploratory in nature. It was broadly executed in 2 Phases. The first phase was the stage of Secondary Data analysis wherein extensive review of existing companies and practices in the domain of skins was conducted. This is to investigate various business models around skins. The first phase also included Primary Research by interviewing consumers through a qualitative, depth interviews. This facilitated a grasp on what the consumers think about brands and their innovations in branding. It is primarily to check how different mediums affect them, and what affects them the most. Phase 2 of the Research Design involved in-depth qualitative interviews of 5 Brand Managers and 5 Industry Professionals (mix of Media | Advertising | Retail | Industry Veterans). The Phase 1 Primary Research results will be used to provide better insight into the interaction with B2B respondents. These interviews were helpful in getting insights to substantiate the secondary research and the consumer surveys. Once the data had been collected, it was analyzed to facilitate opportunities and make generalizations. The factors that companies would take into consideration were Licensing of brands, Personalization through Brand Designs and various Manufacturing processes that enable production of high-quality skins. Also, new technological innovations that can aid skins to be developed as more functional and engaging for the customers were necessary. Based on the findings, certain models were identified and conclusions were drawn. With the media industry growing, new forms of media are sought after regularly. This study enables one such potential form of Ambient Media to make its way into the advertising plan of Brand Managers. Although a lot of international companies have made their contributions to the medium of skins, its time India opened up to this phenomenon. INTRODUCTION The need to be different, which stems from the need to be noticed leads to multiple changes in the environment. Some of these changes are fads, the others determine the future. Seen from a brand managers perspective, some of these basic human desires can lead to a plethora of opportunities for them. One of these opportunities is discussed below. It deals with the domain of modified aesthetics. As more and more portable gadgets and other forms of electronic and technological means are consumed by us every moment, their usefulness continues to expand. But just carrying the latest gadget which looks like everyone elses version of that latest gadget is not enough anymore. So why not personalise it. Better still why not use the investment as a branding opportunity. Not only gadgets, there are innumerable surfaces available today that are waiting to be utilised. Advertisers have the opportunity to brand all surfaces through skins. These surfaces can be identified as: Wall skins: walls, cupboards, mirrors, drawers, doors, etc Fleet skins: cars, cabs, biked, aircrafts, trams, buses, trains, etc. Devices skins: laptops, mobiles, music players, all appliances, etc. The idea of making electronics or any other product more personal is that the real world can also start acting more like the online world. Similar to how one can change their online profile anytime they want, so can they have their most loved brands or their favourite images on their phone or car! These products known as ‘skins, not only make your common device look stylised, but also protect it. These skins that can be pasted on any exterior surface are soon becoming extremely popular within a very short period of time. They are a dream come true in the ‘customization arena. This application has created waves worldwide and is now revolutionising the way mundane products are being presented to the world. Apart from this key use, there is the Branding Opportunity that ‘skins bring along. While personalisation is fast becoming popular, it is not the key issue here. What the scope of this dissertation is to analyse this innovation as a new format for Brand Managers. It will not only open up new branding prospects, but also be included in the fast and upcoming category of Ambient Media. Ambient Media is the name given to a new breed of out-of-home products and services determined by some as Non-Traditional or Alternative Media. Ambient media advertising is a way of overcoming traditional method of advertising to get the attention of the consumers. Ambient media in a larger scale define the media environment and the communication of information in ubiquitous and pervasive environments. The reasons why Ambient Media has grown are: Decline in the power of traditional media Greater demand for point-of-sale communication Ability to offer precise audience targeting General versatility While some see it is a fiendish way of getting an ad message into every nook and corner of our lives and on to anything that moved, yet it was the sector that was growing outrageously through the 90s. It was argued that ambient alone never made any brand famous, and marketers would soon get tired of this faddish and whimsical medium. However, such judgements were not possible as ad revenues were unstable and fast changing. Also, as media proliferation made it harder to get attention, advertisers look for other ways to place their brands before people. This can be via all sorts of locations and methods and often close to the point of sale. This is where ‘skins can come in and enable brand managers to make their brands be seen. As it is put over everyday use products, the opportunities will be numerous. In todays day, when one travels, it can be seen that all around, commuters work and play away on laptops, PDAs, iPods, mobiles, blackberries, sometimes all at once. Mobiles and pervasive media have truly reshaped the practices of travel. This provides tremendous potential for a business like Skins to enter the market. Apart from public spaces to use ambient medium, individuals personal surfaces can also be used as a fresh medium of branding. Laptops, iPods, Mobiles, etc. all are new opportunities in the ambient media world which can be used for branding through skins. While it is true that Media images change the way we see and experience a city, why not make it aesthetic and meaningful. Until now, out-of-home activities that engage the consumer like hot air balloons with slogans, digital out-of-home, and life size mascots for brands, etc. are considered the norm for Ambient Media. However, formats go out of fashion very soon, and newer ways to brand and reach consumers are sought by marketers. In earlier times, brand positioning and promotions through mass media did the trick for marketers. Customers flocked to buy the brand that was advertised and thats how many successful brands were created. However, increasing media clutter and reducing customer attention spans have resulted in decreasing effectiveness of traditional practices. Therefore modern brand managers have started using techniques like Brand Inclusiveness and Brand Engagement to conquer customer hearts. Brand Inclusiveness: The brand can become a part of the customers lives through a planned presence. For example: a mobile phone or a laptop is personal belonging of a customer that is highly significant in todays world. What better way of brand inclusiveness than to Brand these gadgets itself. Skins as a medium can be used by companies to as a branding opportunity by sending the loyal customers a skin each for these gadgets. These skins can be customised as per the customers gadget model and can then be used as both a branding and well as a style statement. The loyal group of customers would be proud to sport their favourite brands skins on their phones or laptops. This is a high level of brand inclusiveness for companies, where they can manage to convince their loyal customers themselves to become their brand champions, and hence, brand managers. Brand Presence: Customers live busy lives and the brand needs to touch their lives in relevant ways. This requires the brand to be present at places frequented by customers. This can be done through a number of ways: Skinning cabs in urban cities with the branding of various products of services that are targeted to the cab-using population of the society Skinning Public Buses with the branding of various products and services that are targeted to the us-using population of the society Skinning tables at coffee shops with brands that compliment a coffee or such an environment Skinning conveyor belts at airports Skinning Elevators at public spaces like Corporate Offices, Government Buildings, Residential Societies, etc. Skinning PCO booths, etc. Brand Engagement: Brands have realised the importance of the interactive approach t engage customers. This can be done through various co-creation ideas. So while, interaction can exist individually, a mix of skins (visual) and interaction can do wonders for a lot of brands. While skinning the vehicles or other such ambient forms can be a standalone practice, brand engagement would take this idea further. For example- If the cabs are skinned by a Credit Card brand, then the cab driver can offer pamphlets of the passengers. If the cab is skinned by a Chips brand, then free trials can be offered in the cab to the passengers (in case of a new product). Also, the passengers of a skinned cab can send an SMS to receive further information about the brand, to receive a catalogue, free trial, etc. A lot of ways to engage the customer are possible after the initial visual of the brand through Skins. Concern for Customers: Customers want their favourite brand to show concern for them. In this regard, there is a special kind of Skin called ‘Gripper. A gripper has two parts. The small skin sticks to the back of the mobile phone, while the big skin sticks on any surface which has an angle. Mobile Phone brands or Telecom providers can use this product with a social message. The gripper helps hold the phone to the surface on the bigger skin. This will help highlight the use of mobile phones while driving, as the driver can stick the phone on the angled surface which provides holding the phone while driving. The phone often slips from the cars dashboard, which now will be held in place by the gripper and enable the driver to take some calls on loudspeaker. Also, Wall Skins can be used at key public places by brands in order to give out social service messages to the public at large. These wall skins can come in all sizes and will create large scale awareness if put at strategic places. Hence, the inclusive brand image focuses on touching customer lives in a relevant manner. The brand needs to engage customers and the use of interactive media comes handy for this initiative. Hence a brand can conquer the hearts of consumers by showing concern and being available at all times, all places. The scope of this dissertation is to analyse the use of ‘skins, where every surface is brought to surface quite literally, as a medium to interest and engage consumers. With ‘skins, no space is left mundane and dull as long as there is an opportunity to style it and brand it. As we see that Media is evolving from Digital to Pervasive to Interactive, every brand needs to speak to the consumer at different touch points, so as to keep the consumer engaged, yet not be disliked. One example of ‘skins in the form of Auto wraps that is seen in the recent times in India is the branding on Cabs and other vehicles. For example: Meru cabs run campaigns of different brands for different periods of time. Here the Brand Alliance between Meru and the advertising brand leads to recognition in the marketplace. Clever messages can be put up for different target markets, giving brand managers an innovative medium to engage the consumer. It generated street level advertising. What are skins? Skins are the 2nd generation products that can be applied to any external surface and are printed and used for personalising or branding devices or surfaces. The concept of skinning was introduced in the US 5 years ago. Since then the product has found its way in Europe and South East Asia. Following are the basic features of skins: Currently, the Skins are made up of vinyl that is digitally printed and post printing it is cut either as per general dimensions or cut as per the device. However, this manufacturing process can change a per technology used or requirements Skins are available for mobiles, laptops, portable music players, gaming devices, cars, and any other external surface Skins are available in general sizes and custom made, where the skins are per-cut based on the device However, the concept of skins is fast changing as per various different manufacturing processes used. There are new hard cover skins also introduced in the market A combination of fixed designs and the option of personalised designs is made available The complete product range will be: Skins made up of Vinyl Skins made up of different textures such as Leather, Canvas, Jute, etc. Skins made up of Gel Grippers used to hold a certain product kept on a surface at an angle Wall skins Hard Cover skins Electro-statically charged skins More and more technological innovations are leading to different types of skins being launched. However, all of these can be used as an Ambient Medium by companies for Branding. The major manufacturers of vinyl skins are: 3M, Avery, Kodak, Mactech. However, there are other numerous vinyl manufacturers present in the market. More and more technological innovations are leading to different types of skins being launched. However, all of these can be used as an Ambient Medium by companies for Branding. Cell phones, laptops, MP3 players, iPods, Blackberries all these personal electronic devices have changed the way we go about our everyday lives dramatically. Millions of people around the globe have embraced these changes and are sure of staying at the receiving end of cutting edge technology. Because technology inspires passion, people who are passionate about their gadgets are more often than not passionate about other areas of their lives such as music, sports, movies, art, fashion, etc. Skins result from this passion. People get a chance to express themselves and personalise their electronics which helps them reflect their favourite interests. School children can skin their laptops to display their school colors or logo, cell phones can be skinned with their favourite design, Music Players can be skinned with their favourite artist, etc. The opportunities are tremendous. A large variety of skins are available for a wide range of electronic devices and new technology. They can be either individually designed or branded. Branded skins are a new way of companies to reach out to the customers. Brands such as Disney, NFL, Star Wars, Superman, etc. can be bought through licenses and sold to interested customers through multiple sales nodes. Some articles have been reviewed to understand the Ambient Media market, gauge trends in the same, and determine need gaps for a product like ‘skins. â€Å"India will overtake China next year to become the fastest growing advertising nation†, Jones, S. (2009) LITERATURE REVIEW Skin Care: The Sensual Surfaces of Objects â€Å"Aesthetic modification of product form is common practice in industrial design. Designers are trained to create beautiful products, which not only provide an aesthetic experience to users, but also lead to enhanced profitability†, Boradkar, P. (2004). In fact, the desire to increase sales in a market that was flooded with too many goods is what led to the practice of industrial design. This practice of alteration of the basic form of a product is often referred to at the ‘stigma of styling by industrialists and designers. However, according to this article, these changes undertaken by the designers are limited to the external surface of the object. The term used here for external surfaces or shells of objects is ‘skins. These skins can have multiple meanings that are created by the designer, user, critic, etc. Virginia Postrel, in her book The Substance of Style, has argued that aesthetics has become a significant and an omnipresent component of everyday life in the US. She has gone on to say that it is clearly visible that we are increasingly becoming fond of beautiful surfaces in case of objects, environments, interiors, and our own bodies. There are multiple proofs to this theory of dependence on aesthetics the popular profession of image-making, the makeover shows on television, innovations for the perfect product, the perfect look, etc. Style has seeped into our lives. This according to her is skin care. Human Skin It provides sensation and protection from the external environment. It is constantly in a process of change and regenerates itself on a regular basis. Object Skin The five major categories that signify the primary functions of object skins are: Protective Skins, Informational Skins, Sensorial Skins, Technological/Intelligent Skins, and Mythical/Fetishist Skins. My topic of study here is the ‘Sensorial Skin which includes Visual Skins. These skins arouse admiration, fear, curiosity, contempt, etc. Social meanings of these graphics and designs can be traced back to the context, object, user, etc. Hence, the article concludes that the process of styling or creating new skins is often practised in design consultancies and corporations, where the products only change appearance without any added utility or other value. Creative operations are performed on the skin to stimulate desire, but these are often justified as attempts to satisfy a wider range of user needs. This is said to be the role of commodity aesthetics to the ‘sexing-up of the object. As ‘skins is the prime area of study, this article gave insights on the concept of a skin. Now, we move on to the next few articles on what is happening in the Media World and where it is headed, to understand the broader aspect of the use of ‘skins. The Future is Ambient â€Å"Ambient Intelligence deals with the embedment of media in the natural environment on people†, Lugmayr, A. (2006). Embedding media into peoples environment indicates the need for the creation of a new form of media. The article explains ambient media to create a mix of real-world objects in the natural environment of the consumer and also digital objects which are of any arbitrary form. The key feature of ambient is distribution rather than storage. There are 5 principles of ambient media mentioned: Ambience media object is a service oriented asset space Intelligence smart technology for content aggregation Distribution distributed across a wide area of networks Self-organisation aggregated either automatically or collaboratively Pervasiveness accessible anytime, anyhow. Anywhere The conclusion here is that: Ambient media is the future of multimedia which allows natural interaction and easy access to content anytime, anywhere, and anyhow. How Ambient Media Ambient Marketing is now making its way into the brand managers mind and fast becoming the new marketing communication discipline. Companies are looking at more and more ways to connect with the consumers, not only in private spaces, but also out-of-home. The article says that this sort of marketing can be called anything, but the challenge lies in taking it to the street level. Greg Aithurton, Nintendos marketing manager says ambient exists in non-traditional media formats without direct interaction, whereas experiential goes a step further and actually interacts with the consumer engaging them directly. â€Å"Just slapping your logo on a pavement and hoping people will think you are cool wont do very much. But if you can touch someone in a clever and relevant way, it can be really effective.† The article says that ambient is not only about advertising in an unexpected environment, but the environment has to be relevant to what you are doing, and the unexpected has to fit well with the brand. Another issue mentioned is that such marketing is good only for a couple of months, then it becomes passà © and the consumers become aware of it, hence it blends into the mix. The end note here is that ambient, experiential, or any of these sorts of marketing is not about measurement. Its more about who you target. Its not necessarily in a position to need to be measured. Brands are accepting of ambients limitations, along with its unique capabilities. The key selling point is that an ambient campaign can deliver what many other mediums cannot a closer touch point to consumers. Ambient Media How the World is Changing Over the years, the competitive environment has multiplied and technology is on fast rise. However, only the media arena has changed, while communication planning remains the same. We are in a world of outstanding media possibilities, where non-traditional marketing has kicked in, and brands do not fail to surprise/shock us with their expert forms of presenting the message. From using light-reactive inks, lenticular prints, 3D holographic images to Bluetooth and infrared technology, and PR stunts, ambient media has not failed to make itself noticed. Whether this is a Gimmick or a Strategy is discussed widely amongst media owners, as they get more and more clients and agencies that not only want gimmicks to work in their favour, but are also desperate to produce substantial campaigns that create long-term appeal. An analysis of approximately 4500 case studies from 1997 to 2007 including ambient media show, that very few brands had a strategic approach while majority of cases are one-offs and some look like festive scams. Whether these new formats are called ambient media, non-traditional media, branded utility, or experiential media, the effort should be part of a strategy that is based on a right idea. However, this ambient media should be part of the future communications strategy in order to make sure that these challenging efforts adapt to current trends and in turn to peoples lifestyles. Otherwise, any violation from the trend will lead to the advertisers worst nightmare ignorance! Reaching the right Consumer Over the past decade, ambient advertising has become ubiquitous. Brands are seen jumping at the chance to experiment with novel media as fresh ways of promoting their messages to specific groups in appropriate environment. As wrap around ads on Taxis and posters inside changing rooms are delivering on marketers goals, the common principle is that brands have less money to work with, so it is vital that money works harder. The article mentions three important routes to success for an ambient medium: Timing is vital. This means reaching someone just before they are about to do something else The mindset of the consumer when they receive the message. This means that brand message placement is crucial Lastly, it is important to match the environment with the brand message Brands that advertise on niche media should be able to surprise, excite, and engage. Hence, advertisers should be wary of reaching the saturation point and thus losing effectiveness. Centre of Attention This is a time when TV audiences are fragmenting and new technologies are being launched, which enables us to avoid traditional advertisements, there is Ambient that can deliver captive audiences. Just when the consumers are poised to make a purchase, ambient cites its flexibility and capacity to be highly targeted, and delivers. Apart from that, there is little evidence to show that ambient media irritates consumers. According to this article, some of the most successful examples of ambient activity are seen in trains, stations, step and escalator advertising, train wraps, tickets, etc. In supermarkets, there is trolley and basket advertising, floor ads, etc., all of which can influence shoppers at point of purchase. While todays ambient sector includes products such as mirror stickers, ATM receipts, carrier bags, etc., there is also an opportunity to market brands on tabletops at restaurants, bars, etc. The strength of the medium is that it converts a static message into an interactive one. Hence the need to develop newer formats every year, as marketers want the novelty for their brand, and not be the second or third to use an idea. KNOWLEDGE GAP The literature reviewed here analyses in detail the different ways, in which Media is evolving, the growth of Ambient Media and varied practices. There are studies on the growth of Ambient Media in different countries, its acceptance by Brand Managers, and the successes of certain brands. However, what is not mentioned is how to make this ambient medium more consumer friendly by way of interactivity. My area of study being skins, the gap I wish to fill in with the help of this dissertation is how would a product like skins fit in the â€Å"Ambient† domain, and what are the possible ways of making this product more functional and more interactive for the consumer as well as the brand. RESEARCH PROBLEM To understand how Skins as an Ambient Media can be made more interactive and functional for brands and customers RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To study how far ‘skins will be considered as a branding tool by brand managers To find ways to convert ‘skins into an engaging and interactive medium for advertisers To analyse the trends of Ambient Media and if ‘skins as a format can be included within its ambit RESEARCH DESIGN My study is primarily for the B2B customers. The customer base is divided into: * Brand Managers who will use ‘skins as a branding tool * Agencies o Media Agencies They will sell ‘skins as a new Ambient Media format o Advertising Agencies They will buy ‘skins as a new Ambient Media format for their clients To do the above study, the following methodology is chosen: Phase 1 1. Secondary Research The research will be primarily focused on investigating the various business models around â€Å"skins†. This will give me a better understanding of the following: a. Different applications of â€Å"Skins† b. Different manufacturing process c. Various features of the product 2. Primary Research It will be qualitative in nature, using depth interviews. This is to get a grasp on what the consumers think about brands and their innovations in branding. It is primarily to check how different mediums affect them, and what affects them the most. 10 men and women in the age group of 16-30 10 men and women in the age group of 30-60 Phase 2 1. Primary Research This involves in-depth qualitative interviews. The Phase 1 Primary Research results will be used to provide better insight into the interaction with B2B respondents. 5 Brand Managers 5 Industry Professionals (Mix of Media | Advertising | Retail | Industry veterans) Discussion Guide for Consumers Objective: To understand what consumers perceive of branding and how different medium affects them Lifestyle and Pattern Where do you live? What do you do? What is your typical day like? What personal gadgets do you own? Brands Which are your 3 favourite brands? Why do you like them? Do you buy them yourself? Would you endorse these brands to others? Communication Do you like seeing advertisements? Do you pay attention to a new form of advertising? What medium affects your purchase of a brand the most? Do too much media and too much branding bother you? Skins Have you heard of Skins? What are the different kinds of skins that you know of? Would you notice branding through Skins, like, car skins, walls skins, laptop skins, etc? Would you purchase a skin yourself? Would you use a skin branded by your favourite brand? DATA ANALYSIS/RESULTS Phase 1 (a) Secondary Research Current International Practices in the domain of Skins AMBER MEDIA GMBH[1] This is a Germany based agency that specialises in innovative ambient concepts. It was founded in 2002, and has since then established itself in the out-of-home segment. Amber Stix enables the advertising slogan to be placed directly in the desired target groups immediate environment. It provides a surprise effect without disturbing the target. It offers a wide range of innovative possibilities and reaches whoever one wishes to reach with their advertising slogan. It ensures that the brand stands out from the crowd by trying out an innovative and an unusual approach. Its product Amber STIX Amber STIX are adhesive skins that have an extra strong electrostatic charge. These Stix adhere due to their static charge alone. Hence they are different from the conventional adhesive skins. They dont have to be pressed to the surface. They can remain in place for more than 6 months and can be recharged when needed. AMBERMEDIA_amberSTIX_4 amber 3 Aldo Branding in front of the store Blood Diamond outdoor branding Some of the features are: Adhere to most surfaces No residue left Bubble free Can be repositioned Removed and attached several times Can be recharged with Amber STIX charger Can be perforated 100% recyclable SKINIT[2] Skinit, Inc. provides a large product line of branded vinyl skins for personal electronic devices. It is based out of San Diego, California. Skinit branded products can be offered by OEMs, global retailers, distributors, Internet portals, online shopping sites, etc. It is made with premium 3M material. Skinit is the global leader in business-to-consumer and business-to-business personalisation technology platforms and on-demand manufacturing for corporate clients. Skinit has hundreds of designs, famous brand names in sports, entertainment, art,